Therapy Theories Flashcards
Change through insight and understanding of early, unresolved issues
Psychodynamic therapy
Insight oriented therapy
Psychodynamic therapy
A belief that psychopathology develops from early childhood experiences
Psychodynamic therapy
Understanding the influence of the past on current behavior
Psychodynamic therapy
Explore’s client’s transference;
Free association
Psychodynamic therapy
Identify defense mechanisms
Psychodynamic therapy
Good for higher functioning people capable of insight; relationship problems
Psychodynamic therapy
Change of behavior through reinforcements and punishments
Behavioral therapy
Occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus that is rewarding, increasing the behavior
Positive reinforcement (reinforcement)
Occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing that behaviors’ frequency
Negative reinforcement (escape)
Ex: Wife nags husband until he does something, then the nagging stops
Negative reinforcement (escape)
Occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus, such as introducing a shock or loud noise, resulting in a decrease in that behavior
Positive punishment (punishment)
I.e. spanking
Positive punishment (punishment)
Occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of a stimulus, resulting in a decrease in that behavior
Negative punishment (penalty)
Ex: taking away a child’s toy following an undesired behavior
Negative punishment (penalty)
An exchange system using the principles of operant conditioning where a token is given as a reward for a desired behavior–tokens can be exchanged for a prize or reward
Token economy (contingency management)
A form of operant conditioning in which the increasingly accurate approximations of a desired response are reinforced–step by step gradual learning
Shaping
A model for understanding how attachment to early caregivers affects our long term functioning
Attachment theory
Used to assess the bond between mother and child–poor attachment leads to indiscriminate attachment or lack of trust
Attachment theory
Change through learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns
Cognitive therapy
Clients explore patterns of thinking and beliefs that lead to self-destructive behaviors
Cognitive therapy
Once an individual understands the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, they are able to modify or change existing patterns of thinking to cope with stressors in a more positive manner
Cognitive therapy
Focus on automatic thoughts, schemas, assumptions, beliefs
Cognitive therapy
Change through accessing client’s strengths and resources
Solution-focused therapy
Brief, goal-directed therapy focused on client’s strengths and resources
Solution-focused therapy
Focuses on what the client wants to achieve instead of focusing on the problems
Solution-focused therapy
Miracle question; good for short-term problems
Solution-focused therapy
Change through increased awareness of the here-and-now experience
Gestalt therapy
Focuses on the process, what is actually happening, and the content, what is being talked about
Gestalt therapy
Emphasizes what is going on in the present moment rather than what has happened
Gestalt therapy
Empty chair technique
Gestalt therapy
Emotional dialogue with the client’s self or person who is imagined to be in a chair
Empty chair technique
Change through remodeling the family’s organization
Structural family therapy
A systems approach that address relationship dynamics of whole family
Structural family therapy
Helps understand how family structure (relationships and hierarchies) can be changed, the impact of rituals and rules, how new patterns of interaction can be integrated into the family
Structural family therapy
Enmeshed families known for incest
Disengaged families known for substance abuse
Structural family therapy
Change through understanding multigenerational dynamics
Bowen family therapy
Individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another but rather as a part of their family
Bowen family therapy
Family members are driven to achieve a balance of internal and external differentiation, which causes anxiety, triangulation, and emotional cutoff
Bowen family therapy
Change through finding meaning in life; understanding purpose
Logotherapy
Founded upon the belief that it is the striving to find a meaning in one’s life that is the primary, most powerful motivating and driving force
Logotherapy
Change through recognizing disempowering social forces and powering client
Feminist therapy
Shows client that she is her own rescuer and with every symptom there is strength; good for eating disorders
Feminist therapy
Change through supporting clients to take actions to address the problems in their lives; short term; Focus of help is on client-defined problems and goals
Task-centered/problem-solving therapy
Practitioner facilitates task work, reviews clients accomplishments/provides corrective feedback; good for lower functioning individuals
Task-centered/problem-solving therapy
Change is affected primarily through problem-solving actions or tasks the client and practitioner undertake OUTSIDE the interview
Task-centered/problem-solving therapy
Aims to change behavioral, emotional, and thinking patterns associated with dysfunction
Dialectical behavior therapy
Developed to treat intense emotional swings, impulsiveness, confusion regarding self-identity, and suicidal behavior
Dialectical behavior therapy
Teaches mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and self-management
Dialectical behavior therapy
Change occurs by externalizing problem and creating a new narrative or story, which emphasizes client’s competencies and strengths
Narrative therapy
Problems are viewed as separate entities from the client
Narrative therapy
Therapist “externalizes” problem; highlights “unique outcomes” when client could resist the problem; therapist “maps the influence” of the problem
Narrative therapy
Treatment focuses on the client’s gaining back control and empowerment in their lives; client having been hurt by something
Trauma informed therapy
Having an understanding of not only the psychological impacts of trauma, but the neurological, biological, & interpersonal effects of trauma
Trauma informed therapy
Do not begin this therapy while the trauma is still actively occurring; safety must be established first
Trauma informed therapy
An evidence based treatment for children and adolescents used to treat the effects of trauma
Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
Involves individual sessions with both the child and caregiver as well as joint sessions; short term
Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
Stage 1 of TFCBT: includes psychoeducation, relaxation skills, and parenting skills (skills are needed to help parent/child tolerate the trauma processing in stage 2.
Stabilization
Stage 2 of TFCBT: allows the child to tell the story of their trauma (starts with factual info then moves into their thoughts); form of exposure therapy
Trauma narrative
Stage 3: Focuses on enhancing personal safety and future growth
Integration and consolidation
Alleviates symptoms of trauma of clients still effected by trauma
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)
Clients recall distressing images/memories while engaging in bilateral stimulation/controlled eye movement
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)
Involves exposing the client to the source of anxiety in a safe environment which allows them to overcome their anxiety
Exposure therapy
Used to treat anxiety disorders including phobias, PTSD social anxiety, and GAD
Exposure therapy
Part of EMDR to treat phobias; involves the client being exposed to progressively more anxiety provoking situations as they are taught relaxation skills
Systematic desensitization
Evidence based treatment for PTSD; helps clients gradually approach trauma-related memories/subsequent feelings and situations/places that cause anxiety as a result of their trauma
Prolonged exposure therapy
Uses imaginal and in-vivo (in person) exposure; imaginal exposure includes the retelling of the trauma memory
Prolonged exposure therapy
