Therapies - Psychosurgery Flashcards
When is psychosurgery used
As a last resort for disorders such as BPD OCD and major affective disorders
Which assumption of the biological approach does psychosurgery link to
Neurotransmitter
What are the 2 modern psychosurgery’s
Bilateral cingulotomy and deep brain stimulation
What are the 2 traditional psychosurgery methods
Pre frontal lobotomy
Trans orbital leucotomy
Summarise deep brain stimulation
Wires inserted into the brain
Battery pack in the chest that sends impulses (high frequency current) to the wires that intercuts the brains circuit.
Summarise bilateral cingulotomys
an MRI is used to pinpoint the exact location of the brain and a gamma knife ( radiation ) is used to cut and burn the part of the brain
Often used for OCD patients
Summarise a trans orbital leucotomy
Electroconvulsive therapy knocks them unconscious
Ice pick would go in behind the eyes and would be moved side to side in the frontal cortex
Done on both sides
Summarise a pre frontal lobotomy
2 holes drilled into the top / side of the head
Leucotomes would be entered and moved around to cut connection between the frontal lobe and the rest of the brain
What disorder is psychosurgery NOT used for
Schizophrenia
Ethics - positive
Relieves patients symptom’s immediately
Faster than drug therapy
Ethics - negative
Permanent procedure
Possible side affects such as seizures , apathy or memory loss
May not solve the problem
Needs valid consent
Effectiveness - positives
65% effective in patients with major affective disorder
56% Effective with OCD
Ethics - negatives
Drug therapy is safer
Patient is left more in controll
NICE 2021 suggested DBS is inadequate for safety or quality
Drugs can he stopped if they don’t work
