Assumptions Of The Cognative Approach Flashcards
What are the 4 cognitive approaches
Perception attention memory language
Are there only 4 cognitive approaches
No there are many more but we only need to know these 4
What does the cognitive approach roughly believe
Our thinking affects our behaviour - the internal processes of the mind are prime importance in understanding behaviour
What is the example of internal mental processes
Hostile contribution bias
What is hostile contribution bias
Where individuals tend to interpret the behaviour of others in situations as threatening agressive or both. They perceive a situation as hostile / threatening when it isn’t
Describe perception
Describe attention
Describe memory processes
Describe language processes
What is a schema
Organisations of knowledge that assist recall, guide behaviour and enable us to predict happenings.
Define a schema
Organised packets of information that are built up through experience and are stored in our long term memory
Give words for a dog schema
Four legs furry wet noise barks wagging tail
What is the example for a schema
Bartletts war of the ghosts
Explain the war of ghosts study
Participants were told to memorise a short story ( it came from a Native American tradition ) whereas the participants were British. After recalling the story many times it became distorted and they changed Native American words to more British ones e.g. arrows to guns as they had subconsciously changed the story to a more western British schema
What did the war of ghosts study show
Schémas can distort memory unconsciously
How do schemas change over time
Through experience , word of mouth , tv , cartoons and stereotypes
What is the computer analogy
The human mind works similarly to a computer through input process and output
Explain the computer analogy
Input = when we take in information
Process = changing or Storing information
Output = recalling it when necessary
What is the explanation for the computer analogy
Attention ➡️ Rehearsal➡️
Sensory - Short term - Long term
Memory Memory Memory
⬅️ retrieval
What are the sensory memories
The 5 senses
Smell sound sight taste touch
What is the input process and output for humans
Input = senses
Process = rehearsal
Output = retrieval
