Therapies Flashcards
explain therapies during the Middle Ages
- they believed demons were possessing people or that a witch castes a spell on them
- they would perform exorcisms to release the demons
explain therapies during the Stone Age
- they believed that mental health was due to a demon and spirits, they would do a method called trepanning which us where they would bang holes into peoples heads to release the spirits
Explain therapies during 1793 (Pinel)
- Turing point for people with mental disorders
- Pinel - a doctor - went to an asylum in Paris and decided to uncharge all of the patients - it was at this point where people with mental illness where classified as “individuals with mental illnesses” rather then “insane” or “demonic”
explain therapies during Freuds career
- freud was the first person to develop a form of psychotherapy
- he became interested in people with hysteria and he theorized that they had unconscious conflicts, causing their physical symptoms, thus he created psychoanalysis
What are some of the key approaches to treatment which Freud used
- people would lie on couches while he sat off to the side, patients unable to see him, this allowed the patients to feel more comfortable
- the main goal was to reduce internal conflicts which lead to emotional suffering
identify and explain 4 therapeutic techniques which Freud used
1) Free Association = encouraging a person to say whatever comes to their mind
2) Dream Analysis = talking about someones dream and trying to figure out the true meaning behind it
3) Analysis of Resistance = the fact that a lot of people where resistant to talk about their dreams or say what’s is on their mind
4) analysis of Transference = when a person transfers feelings and emotions onto a therapist - feelings and emotions they once has toward a loved one or important person
what are the 4 characteristics that distinguish psychotherapies
1) Insight vs. action
2) Directive vs. Nondirective
3) Individual vs. Group
4) face-to-face vs. distance
explain Insight vs Action therapy
Insight = any therapy that stressed the importance of understanding the origins of a psychological disorder, usually unresolved or unconscious conflicts
action = any therapy that stresses directly changing troublesome thoughts and/or behaviour without regard for their origins
explain Directive vs. Nondirective therapy
Directive = any therapy that stresses the need for the therapist to lead the patient toward resolution of his or her psychological distress
Nondirective = any therapy in which the therapist supports the client while the client gains insight into their own problems and their resolution
Explain Psychodrama Therapy
this is group therapy where clients act out their struggles or conflicts with others in the group
explain family/couples therapy
treatment of a group of individuals who are related that focuses on interpersonal dynamics and communication
Explain Mass Media Therapies
- when a person phones a psychologists who is on live radio - psychologist talks about their issues live on air
explain phone/internet therapies
a one on one interview conducted over a phone call
what are the 4 characteristics of psychotherapies that allow for people to meet their goals
1) Therapeutic alliance - a caring relationship that unites the client and therapist
2) protective settings where therapy takes place
3) offer an explanation for why the client is suffering
4) provides client with a new perspective
what is culturally skilled therapists
a therapist who has the awareness, knowledge and skills nessasary to create clients of diverse backgrounds
what are some of the skills displayed by culturally skilled therapists
- be aware of cultural values and bias
- be open to cultural differences
- be aware of clients ethnic identity
explain spontaneous remission
improvement of symptoms due to the passage of time
explain therapy placebo effect
improvement caused not by the process but by the clients expectations that the therapy will help
