Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
what is the definition of motivation
the way in which our actions are aroused, maintained and guided
what are the 4 concepts of motivation
1) need
2) needs caused a drive to develop
3) drives activate a response
4) a responce pushes us toward a goal
What is an incentive in the context of motivation
a reward or other stimulus which motivates behaviour
what is self-determination theory
we are all motivated by three innate motives
- competence
- autonomy
- relatedness
in self-determination theory, all motives can be classified as being intrinsic or extrinsic - explain those two words
1) intrinsic - occurs when we act based on internal rewards without any obvious external factors
2) Extrinsic - stems from factors outside the person (pay, grades, etc)
what limitation of self-determination theory does Maslow’s classification system address
some needs are more basic and powerful then others
what is the difference between basic needs and growth needs in Maslow’s categories
- Basic needs - related to our physical survival
- Growth needs - a need for self-actualization
what are the 4 basic needs in Maslow’s hierarchy
1 - self-esteem
2 - love and belonging
3 - safety and security
4 - psychological needs (food, water, sleep)
what is the growth need in Maslow’s Hierarchy
- self-actualization (perfection, beauty, richness, manfulness)
what do resent researchers question about Maslow’s Hierarchy?
Recent researchers question his definition of self-actualization
What are the three types of motives?
Biological - Stimulus - Learned
explain the biological motive
- innate needs which must be meet for our survival
explain the stimulus motive
our needs for stimulation and information (activity, physical contact, etc)
Explain the learned motive
based on learned needs, drives, and goals (power, achievement, approval)
define the term sex drive
the strength of ones motivations to engage in sexual behaviour
how do hormones influence the sex drive and mating among male and female non-human animals
Females - only interested in mating when their fertility cycles are in the stage of estrus which causes a release of estrogen
males - also impacted by hormones but not as heavily, in most species, males are ready to mate whenever, it is dependant on the females hormones
how do hormones influence the sex drive among male and female humans
Male - sex drive is impacted by the amount of androgens (male hormones such as testosterone) higher amount during puberty
Female - sex drive is related to estrogen, in addition, females produce small amounts of androgens which decrease with age (can be fixed by taking testosterone supplements)
what does it mean when someone says the sex drive is nonhomeostactic
independent of body need state - in humans the need for sex can be aroused at almost anytime by almost anything
what is the circadian rhythm
a 24 hour biological cycle which is found in humans and other animals
what are some examples of things which can impact our circadian rhythm
- take a long flight
- have a late shift at work
- to help fix circadian rhythms take a small melatonin supplement
explain two ways in which pain is different from many other needs and drives
- Episodic drive - distinct episodes where the body is damaged in some way
- pain prompts us to avoid or eliminate sources of discomfort
what are the two types of thirst
1) extracellular thirst - water is lost from the fluids surrounding the cells of you body - a slightly salty liquid such as Gatorade may satisfy this type of thirst
2) Intracellular thirst - when you eat salty meal, the salt causes fluid to be drawn out of your body’s cells - best to drink plain water