Therapies Flashcards
Electroconvulsive therapy
(Biological therapy)
Used in 30s mainly to treat schizophrenics w/ seizures
- Now used to treat severe MMD
- Side effects have been greatly reduced, but still last resort treatment
Psychopharmacology
(Biological therapy)
May not help w/ getting rid of all symptoms
- But helps some be more manageable
Antipsychotic - Manic episides
Stimulant - ADHD
Mood stabilizer - Bipolar disorder
Antidepressants - Depression
Anxiolytic - Anxiety
Antipsychotics
Helped w/ deinstitutionalization of mental patients (esp schizophrenia) in 1950s
Side effects:
- Extrapyradimal effects (like tardive dyskinesia)
(Newer drugs have less side effects and also useful for bipolar disorder)
Hypnotics
Medications that cause sleep
- Barbiturates can end up w/ tolerance
- Benzodiazepines similar but less prone to tolerance
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
(Antidepressants)
Treats anxiety, tension, and sleep issues
- But addictive
Anti-anxiety medication
- Tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants
10% use in general popular (mainly women for anxiety)
- But can cause dependency
Effects of dosage of barbiturates and benzodiazepines
Small: Mild euphoria
Large: Slurred speech, poor motor coordination, impaired judgment and concentration
Long-term: Depression, chronic fatigue, mood swings, paranoia
Benzodiazepines
Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Antabuse
(medications for detox and reduce pleasurable effects of alcohol)
Benzodiazepines
- Helps w/ detox
- Smaller doses used
Naltrexone
- Antagonist drug (reduces gratification)
- Reduces craving
Acamprosate
- Agonist drug (facilitates inhibitory action of GABA)
- Reduces craving
Antabuse
- Makes drinking aversive
Anxiolytics
Antidepressants
Anxiolytics
- Alleviate anxiety and muscle tension
- Barbiturates and benzodiazepines
- May cause tolerance and addiction
Antidepressants
- MAOIs, TCAs, SSRIs (most popular), SNRIs
- Not immediately effective
- Can increase suicidal thoughts in youth
Mood stabilizers
Stimulants
Mood stabilizers
- For bipolar disorder
- Lithium, divalproex
- Narrow window of effectiveness
- Low = Not effective, High = Toxic
Stimulants
- For ADHD (like ritalin)
- Side effects:
- Appetite suppression
- Sleep disturbance
- Mood disturbance
- Headaches
- Abdominal discomfort
- Fatigue
Psychotherapy
Professionally trained therapist uses techniques from psych principles to relieve another person’s psychological distress or to facilitate growth
- Can be individual, couple, family, group
- Not entirely licensed, just requires practice
Psychodynamic techniques
Free association and Dream interpretation
- Looking at underlying psych problems causing issues thru dreams and thoughts
Analysis of resistance and Analysis of transference
- Understanding why patient doesn’t want to talk about certain problems
Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy
Ego analysis
Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy
- Active and flexible
- Short term and 2x per week
- Goals are to encourage conversation, empathy and focus on current situation
Ego analysis
- Focused more on ego than id
- Used to reduce reliance on defence mechanisms
Adler’s individual psychology
Interpersonal psychodynamic
Adler’s individual psychology
- Focuses on striving to overcome personal weakness
- Identifying mistaken beliefs that lead to maladaptive lifestyle
Interpersonal psychodynamic
- Harry Stack Sullivan
- Focus on maladaptive early parent-child interactions
- Emphasizes interactions between client and social enviro
Humanistic-Experiential Approaches:
Client-centred therapy
Existential
Gestalt therapy
Emotion-focused therapy
Client-centred therapy
- Focus on positive things about patient and realize their value
Existential
- Focus on being aware of potential growth and knowing who they are
Gestalt therapy
- Emphasizes that distortions are caused by the way you perceive yourself
- Help you become your authentic self and resolve internal conflicts
- Empty chair technique
Emotion-focused therapy
- Helps parents deal with emotional reactions and how to show empathy towards child
Behavioural therapy approaches:
Reinforcement
Response shaping
Behavioural activation
Relaxation training
Exposure
Dialectical behaviour therapy
Reinforcement
- Reward desirable behaviour to continue it
Response shaping
- Behaviour gradually shaped toward a goal
Behavioural activation
- Identification of natural reinforcers
Relaxation training
- Teaches practical and accessible relaxation skills
Exposure
- Systematic desensitization (like for phobias)
Dialectical behaviour therapy
- Focus on specific symptoms of bipolar disorder
- Relaxation and being more in the present
