Therapeutic exercise Flashcards
What are the 3 purposes of exercise?
- Form of treatment
- Health promotion
- Wellness
What are the benefits of exercise?
Pathology – diseases, disorders, condition, abnormality
Impairments of body function- physiological/anatomical (body structure & function)
Personal level – functional limitations, activity
Social level – participation
Psychological level
Prevention level
What are the uses of therapeutic exercise?
Remediate or prevent impairment
Improve, restore or enhance physical function
Prevent or reduce health related risk factors
Optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well being
What are the components of physical function?
- Neuromuscular control
- Balance
- Muscle performance
- Coordination
- Postural control, stability and equilibrium
- Cardiopulmonary
- Stability
- Flexibility
- Mobility
What are the types of therapeutic exercise intervention?
Aerobic conditioning & reconditioning
Muscle performance exercises: strength, power & endurance training
Stretching techniques including muscle-lengthening procedures & joint mobilization techniques
Neuromuscular control, inhibition & facilitation techniques 7 posture awareness training
Balance exercises & agility training
Relaxation exercises
Breathing exercises & ventilatory muscle training
Task-specific functional training
Name the 3 models of disablement
- Nagi Model
- International Classification of Impairment, Disability & Handicaps (ICIDH) model
- International Classification of Function (ICF)
(**Go over the table in the lecture notes for each model)
What are the pathological risk factors of therapeutic exercise intervention?
Disease
Disorders
Conditions
Abnormality
What are the impairment risk factors of therapeutic exercise intervention?
Cardiovascular/pulmonary Integumentary Musculoskeletal Neuromuscular (Each of these have examples - go over them)
What are functional risk factors of therapeutic exercise intervention?
Physical
Psychological
Social
Name and describe the levels of prevention of disability
Primary prevention: Activities such as health promotion designed to prevent disease in an at-risk population.
Secondary prevention: Early diagnosis & reduction of the severity or duration of existing disease & sequelae.
Tertiary prevention: Use of rehabilitation to reduce the degree or limit the progression of existing disability & improve multiple aspects of function in persons with chronic, irreversible disease.
What are the 4 risk factors of disablement and give example of each
Biological
age, sex, race, height, weight, congenital disorders, family history of disease.
Behavioral/Psychological/lifestyle
Sedentary lifestyle, use of drugs, poor nutrition, low level of motivation, inadequate coping skills, difficulty dealing with change, negative affect.
Physical environment characteristics
Architectural barriers in the home, community & work; ergonomic characteristics of the home, work or school environment.
Socioeconomic factors
- Low economic status, low level of education, inadequate access to healthcare, limited family or social support.
What are the strategies used for effective exercise and task-specific instructions?
- Select nondestructive environment
- Demonstrate & make patient to model your movement
- Guide patient through movement
- Use clear & concise verbal & written directions
- Complement written instructions for home program with illustration of exercises
- Have the patient demonstrate an exercise to you as you supervise & -provide feedback.
- Provide specific, action-related feedback rather than general, nondestructive feedback.
- Teach an entire exercise program in small increments to allow time for patient to practice & learn components of the programme over several visits.
Name and describe the three types of tasks of motor learning
- Discrete task: involves a movement with a recognizable beginning & end.
- Serial task: composed of a series of discrete movements that are combined in a particular sequence.
- Continuous task: involves a repetitive, uninterrupted movement that have no distinct beginning & ending.
What factors influence motor learning during exercise instruction & functional training?
Pre-practice consideration
Practice
Feedback (intrinsic feedback, augmented feedback, timing of feedback, frequency of feedback
What factors influence adherence to an exercise program?
Characteristic of the patient
Factors to health condition or impairment
Program related variables
What is resisted exercise?
Any form of exercise that forces the skeletal muscles (not the involuntary muscles of your heart, lungs, etc.) to contract.
An external resistance (such as heavy weights) is used to cause the contractions, and those contractions lead to increases in muscular mass, strength, endurance and tone
What are the benefits of resisted exercise?
Enhance muscle performance.
Increase strength of connective tissue.
Greater mineral density.
Decreased stress on joints during physical activity.
Reduced risk of soft tissue injury during activity.
Possible improvement in balance
Enhanced physical performance during daily living, occupational, recreational activities.
Positive changes in body composition: lean muscle mass & body fat↓
Enhanced feeling of physical well-being
What are the 3 components of strengthening?
Strength, power and endurance
Define 1RM
One-repetition maximum (one rep maximum or 1RM) in weight training is the maximum amount of force that can be generated in one maximal contraction.
One repetition maximum can be used for determining an individual’s maximum strength and is the method for determining the winner in events such as powerlifting and weightlifting competitions.
One repetition maximum can also be used as an upper limit, in order to determine the desired “load” for an exercise (as a percentage of the 1RM).
Describe the 4 levels of intensity with regards to exercise
Low strength 30% to 40% of 1RM for sedentary, untrained individuals
Mild strength 40 to 60% of 1RM
Moderate strength 60% to 70% of 1RM, healthy individuals
Very high strength 80% to 95% of 1RM for highly trained individuals
THR (target heart rate) formula
THR = MHR (max HR) x 60%
= (220 - age) x 0.6
Name and describe the 6 principles of training
- Overload
Increase in demand to force bodily adaptation.
To stimulate an improvement in the physical condition of the body, it must experience physical stresses greater than those it would normally encounter.
2.Training adaptation
Body’s response to physical stress.
When the body is subjected to appropriate overload, it will adapt to physical demands.
- Specificity
Changes occur to the parts that are stressed.
Type of training effects produced by the exercise are specific to that type of exercise.
Must be specific to the type of sport/activity. - Transfer of training
Carry over or cross over training
Training effect can occur from exercised limb to unexercised contra lateral limb - Individual differences
Training must meet individual needs.
Genetic, individual commitment, level of physical & mental maturity. - Reversibility
Stop strengthening the muscles will weakening the muscles.
Detraining
What are normal factors that affect strength?
Development Aging Gender Body types Training
What are abnormal factors affecting strength?
Injury
Disease
Disuse
Fatigue
