Cardiopulmonary Flashcards
What factors affect ventilation?
- Respiratory muscle strength
- Pressure-gradients
- Resistance of air-flow in airways and tissue movement
- Compliance of lung tissue
- Compliance of chest wall
What influences respiratory muscle effectiveness?
- Muscle nerve innervation
- Muscle strength
- Muscle power
- Muscle endurance
- Muscle position
True/False
Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures
False
Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressure
What factors influence the flow of gas through an airways?
- Radius of the airways (direct relationship)
- Length of the airways (inverse relationship)
- Viscosity of the gas (inverse relationship)
Which 2 factors influence compliance?
Aging and disease
What are the functions of the upper respiratory tract?
- conduct air to the lower airways
- protecting the lower airways from foreign matter
- warming, filtering and humidifying the inspired air
What are the functions of the lower respiratory tract?
- conducting air
- providing mucociliary defense
performing external gas exchange
What are the aims of cardiopulmonary physiotherapy?
- facilitate clearance of airways secretions
- improve distribution of ventilation throughout the lungs thereby improving oxygenation levels
- enhance the efficiency of the muscles responsible for ventilation
- improve patient’ exercise capacity
- facilitate early rehab in cardiopulmonary conditions
- enhance functional independence and coping strategies in acute and chronic CV and pulmonary diseases with rehab programes
- promote a healthy lifestyle
What are the indications for cardiopulmonary physio?
- impaired airway clearance
- shortness of breath
- decreased exercise tolerance
- impaired gas exchange
- airflow limitations
- respiratory muscle dysfunction
- poor respiratory pattern
- pain
- musculoskeletal dysfunction
What are the roles of physiotherapy?
- health promotion
- prevention
- curative
- rehabilitation
- consult
- research
What factors cause tachycardia?
- anaemia
- hypoxia
- exercise
- anxiety
- fear
- panic
- fever
- increased pain levels
What factors cause bradycardia?
Normal during sleep and in athletes
- Medical conditions eg. spinal cord injury
What causes tachypnoea?
- lung disease
- chest wall trauma
- respiratory muscle dysfunction
- anxiety
- panic
- fear
- pain
What causes bradypnoea?
- abnormal conditions
- CNS depression
- deep sleep
