Theory of Biological Damage from Radiation Exposure Flashcards

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1
Q

Single Strand Break

A

Only 1 of the DNA helices breaks

Readily repaired though improper repair is possible

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2
Q

Double Strand Break

A

Both helices suffer a break either directly opposite one another or separated by only a few base pairs
Difficult or impossible to repair
Lead to apoptosis, mutation, or carcinogenesis

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3
Q

3 major lethal abberations

A

Dicentric
Ring
Anaphase

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4
Q

2 major non-lethal abberations

A

Translocation

Deletion

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5
Q

Dicentric Abberation

A

Illegitimate union after a DSB, DNA replicates creating dicentric chromosome plus acentric fragment

Unstable, usually lead to cell death and are not passed on to progeny cells

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6
Q

Ring Abberation

A

DSB in both arms of the same chromosome, broken ends connect creating an incorrect union, cell replicates creating overlapping rings

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7
Q

Bridge Abberation

A

DSB occursin in each chromatid of a post-replication chromosome
Broken ends connect creating sister union
Forms dicentric chromatid and acentric chromatid fragment

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8
Q

Symmetric Translocation

A

DSB in adjacent, pre-replication chromosomes
Broken pieces exchanged
May lead to cell death or cancer if suppressor gene is lost in fragment
Stable abberation that can persist for many years and are passed on to progeny cells

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9
Q

Small Interstitial Deletion

A

Adjacent breaks in pre-replication chromosome
Broken ends connect creating an acentric ring fragment
Fragment is lost at next mitosis
May lead to cell death or cancer if suppressor gene is lost in fragment

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