Cells and Cell Cycle Flashcards
Principle Components of Cells
Cell Membrane/Plasma
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Largest oranelle that contains the nucleolus and chromatine. Regulates cellular processes
Chromatin
Strand of nearly equal amounts of DNA and globular histone proteins. Loose and diffused chromosomes
Nucleolus
Spherical body in nucleus that is fundamental to the growth rate of the cell
Somatic Cells
Human cells that make up organs, tissues, structures, etc. that contain 2 sets of 23 chromosomes and proliferate by mitosis
Germ Cells
Human cells associated with reproduction that contain 1 set of 23 chromosomes
Interphase
Total period from cell formation to cell division of the Cell Cycle where the cell grows and carries on its normal activities
Mitosis
Period of the Cell Cycle where the cell reproduces
4 Stages of the Cell Cycle
G1: Active growth and metabolism
S: DNA synthesis and duplication
G2: Synthesis of molecules in preparation for cell division
M: Mitosis
G1 Phase
Sub-phase of interphase where the cell synthesizes proteins & grow vigorously
S phase
Sub-phase of interphase where DNA replicates
G2 Phase
Sub-phase of interphase where enzymes/proteins needed for division are synthesized and moved to their proper sites
Sub-phases of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase/cytokinesis
Meiosis
Process by which germ cells divide
No DNA replication
Daughter cells only have 1/2 the genetic material of the parent cell