Acute Radiation Syndrome

Question 1

Dose and lethality of Hematopoietic Syndrome

Answer 1

> 2 Gy

Death unlikely within months

Question 2

Dose and lethality of Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Answer 2

> 10 Gy

Death possible within weeks

Question 3

Dose and lethality of Cerebrovascular Syndrome

Answer 3

> 20 Gy

Death certain within days

Question 4

Stages of Acute Radiation Syndrome

Answer 4

1. Prodromal Syndrome
2. Latent Period
3. Manifest Illness
4. Recovery or death

Question 5

Prodromal Syndrome

Answer 5

Gastrointestinal and neuromuscular symptoms that occur after an acute, high-dose exposure

Question 6

Prodromal Syndrome symptoms expected at about 50% lethal dose

Answer 6

Easy fatigability

Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting

Question 7

Prodromal Syndrome symptoms expected after Supralethal lethal dose

Answer 7

Easy fatigability
Fever
Hypotension

Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Immediate diarrahea

Question 8

Supralethal Dose

Answer 8

> 10Gy

Question 9

Cerebrovascular Syndrome

Answer 9

Damage to the central nervous system and all other organ systems in the body following a very high acute dose

Question 10

Cerebrovascular Syndrome symptoms

Answer 10

Severe nausea/vomiting within minutes
Disorientation
Loss of muscle coordination
Respiratory distress
Diarrhea
Convulsive seizures
Coma
Death within hours/days

Question 11

Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Answer 11

All effects of hematopoietic syndrome plus the intestinal epithelium (lining) is destroyed by the killing of stem cells needed to replace mature functioning cells and nearly complete destruction of bone marrow

Question 12

Gastrointestinal Syndrome symptoms

Answer 12

Nausea
Vomiting
Prolonged diarrhea
Death in 3-10 days

Question 13

Hematopoietic Syndrome

Answer 13

Depression or ablation (erosion) of bone marrow via the killing of stem cells that produce blood cells and the resulting physiological consequences

Question 14

Hematopoietic Syndrome symptoms

Answer 14

Malaise and Fatigue
Epilation (loss of hair)
Death may occur within a few months

Question 15

LD 50/30

Answer 15

Death of 50% of exposed population within 30 days (450 Rem)

Question 16

Cutaneous Radiation Injury

Answer 16

Impacts on the skin and eyes that can accompany hematopoietic & gastrointestinal syndromes

Question 17

Cutaneous Radiation Injury skin impacts

Answer 17

Erythema
Changes in pigmentation
Blistering
Necrosis and Ulceration

Question 18

Cutaneous Radiation Injury eye impacts

Answer 18

Acute conjuctivitis

Keratitis

Question 19

Epilation

Answer 19

Hair loss

Question 20

Erythema

Answer 20

Irritation and reddening of the skin

Question 21

Conjuctivitis

Answer 21

Irritation, inflammation, and reddening of the eye

Question 22

Dose that epilation occurs at

Answer 22

3 Sv

Question 23

Dose that erythema occurs at

Answer 23

6 Sv

Question 24

Dose at which desquamation, blister formation, ulceration, and necrosis occur at

Answer 24

> 10 Sv

Question 25

Treatment for victims exposed to < 5 Gy

Answer 25

Placed under careful watch of medical personnel and only treated for specific symptoms

Question 26

Treatment for victims exposed to > 5 Gy

Answer 26

Victim should be sterilized, given large doses of antibiotics, isolated in sterilized room, and fed only sterilized food

Question 27

Dose vs. Average time to vomiting

Answer 27

< 1 Gy few people vomit

Most vomit if dose > 2 Gy

Unlikely to observe severe clinical effects if no vomiting within first 4 hrs

Dose is at least 3 Gy if vomiting occurs within 2 hrs

Question 28

Estimating dose using lymphocyte count

Answer 28

As dose increases, the lymphocyte count fall rate increases