Acute Radiation Syndrome Flashcards
Dose and lethality of Hematopoietic Syndrome
> 2 Gy
Death unlikely within months
Dose and lethality of Gastrointestinal Syndrome
> 10 Gy
Death possible within weeks
Dose and lethality of Cerebrovascular Syndrome
> 20 Gy
Death certain within days
Stages of Acute Radiation Syndrome
- Prodromal Syndrome
- Latent Period
- Manifest Illness
- Recovery or death
Prodromal Syndrome
Gastrointestinal and neuromuscular symptoms that occur after an acute, high-dose exposure
Prodromal Syndrome symptoms expected at about 50% lethal dose
Easy fatigability
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Prodromal Syndrome symptoms expected after Supralethal lethal dose
Easy fatigability
Fever
Hypotension
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Immediate diarrahea
Supralethal Dose
> 10Gy
Cerebrovascular Syndrome
Damage to the central nervous system and all other organ systems in the body following a very high acute dose
Cerebrovascular Syndrome symptoms
Severe nausea/vomiting within minutes Disorientation Loss of muscle coordination Respiratory distress Diarrhea Convulsive seizures Coma Death within hours/days
Gastrointestinal Syndrome
All effects of hematopoietic syndrome plus the intestinal epithelium (lining) is destroyed by the killing of stem cells needed to replace mature functioning cells and nearly complete destruction of bone marrow
Gastrointestinal Syndrome symptoms
Nausea
Vomiting
Prolonged diarrhea
Death in 3-10 days
Hematopoietic Syndrome
Depression or ablation (erosion) of bone marrow via the killing of stem cells that produce blood cells and the resulting physiological consequences
Hematopoietic Syndrome symptoms
Malaise and Fatigue
Epilation (loss of hair)
Death may occur within a few months
LD 50/30
Death of 50% of exposed population within 30 days (450 Rem)
Cutaneous Radiation Injury
Impacts on the skin and eyes that can accompany hematopoietic & gastrointestinal syndromes
Cutaneous Radiation Injury skin impacts
Erythema
Changes in pigmentation
Blistering
Necrosis and Ulceration
Cutaneous Radiation Injury eye impacts
Acute conjuctivitis
Keratitis
Epilation
Hair loss
Erythema
Irritation and reddening of the skin
Conjuctivitis
Irritation, inflammation, and reddening of the eye
Dose that epilation occurs at
3 Sv
Dose that erythema occurs at
6 Sv
Dose at which desquamation, blister formation, ulceration, and necrosis occur at
> 10 Sv
Treatment for victims exposed to < 5 Gy
Placed under careful watch of medical personnel and only treated for specific symptoms
Treatment for victims exposed to > 5 Gy
Victim should be sterilized, given large doses of antibiotics, isolated in sterilized room, and fed only sterilized food
Dose vs. Average time to vomiting
< 1 Gy few people vomit
Most vomit if dose > 2 Gy
Unlikely to observe severe clinical effects if no vomiting within first 4 hrs
Dose is at least 3 Gy if vomiting occurs within 2 hrs
Estimating dose using lymphocyte count
As dose increases, the lymphocyte count fall rate increases
