Theory

Question 1

What are the three sources of knowledge?

Answer 1

Authoritative, traditional, scientific

Question 2

What is the authoritative source of knowledge?

Answer 2

Comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person’s expertise

Question 3

What are the three types of nursing knowledge?

Answer 3

Science, process, philosophy

Question 4

What are the two influences on nursing knowledge?

Answer 4

Historical influences (Florence Nightingale, societal changes)
Societal influences (Schools of nursing)

Question 5

What is the framework of nursing theory?

Answer 5

Concepts and theories

Question 6

What is the difference between a concept and a theory?

Answer 6

A concept is an abstract impression organized into symbols of reality, a theory is a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality

Question 7

What are the two types of reasoning?

Answer 7

Deductive and inductive

Question 8

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 8

Examines general ideas and considers specific actions or ideas

Question 9

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 9

Builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas

Question 10

What is the general systems theory?

Answer 10

Theory for universal application–break whole things into parts to see how they work together in systems

Question 11

What is the adaptation theory?

Answer 11

Adjustment of all living matter to other living things and the environment

Question 12

What is the developmental theory?

Answer 12

Orderly and predictable growth and development from conception to death

Question 13

What are the four goals of theoretical frameworks?

Answer 13

• Holistic patient care
• Individualized care to meet the needs of patients
• Promotion of health
• Prevention of treatment or illness

Question 14

What is the most important concept of nursing theory?

Answer 14

The patient

Question 15

What are the goals of research vs the goals of nursing research?

Answer 15

Research:
-Develop explanations (in theories)
-Find solutions to problems
Nursing Research:
-Improve care of people in clinical settings
-Study people and the nursing process
-Education
-Ethics
-Policy Development
-Etc

Question 16

What are the two methods of nursing research?

Answer 16

Quantitative and qualitative

Question 17

What is the quantitative method of nursing research?

Answer 17

Involves concepts of basic and applied research

Question 18

What is the qualitative method of nursing research?

Answer 18

Conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings. Based on the belief that reality is based on perceptions that differ for each person and change over time

Question 19

What are the four types of quantitative research?

Answer 19

• Descriptive
• Correlational
• Quasi-experimental
• Experimental

Question 20

What are the four types of qualitative research?

Answer 20

• Phenomenology
• Grounded theory
• Ethnology
• Historical

Question 21

What is PICO format and what does it stand for?

Answer 21

A way to ask clinical questions.
P-Patient, population, problem of interest
I-Intervetion of interest
C-Comparison of interest
O-Outcome of interest