Theorists

Question 1

Andrew Goodwin’s music video analysis book is called:

Answer 1

Dancing in the Distraction Factory.

Question 2

Andrew Goodwin wrote in Dancing in the Distraction factory (Routledge 1992) analysed the key features of music videos. He found that: (6 points)

Answer 2

1. Music videos demonstrate genre and characteristics.
2. There is a relationship between lyrics and visuals.
3. There is a relationship between music and visuals.
4. The demands of the record label will include the need for lots of close ups of the artist and the artist may develop motifs which recur across their work (a visual style).
5. There is a frequent reference to notion of looking and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body.
6. There are often intertextual references.

Question 3

Andrew Goodwin wrote in Dancing in the Distraction factory (Routledge 1992) analysed the key features of music videos. He found that: (6 points)

Answer 3

1. Music videos demonstrate genre and characteristics.
2. There is a relationship between lyrics and visuals.
3. There is a relationship between music and visuals.
4. The demands of the record label will include the need for lots of close ups of the artist and the artist may develop motifs which recur across their work (a visual style).
5. There is a frequent reference to notion of looking and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body.
6. There are often intertextual references.

Question 4

Who made the reception theory?

Answer 4

Stuart Hall

Question 5

Who made cultivation theory?

Answer 5

George gerbner

Question 6

Who came up with ‘’media effects”?

Answer 6

Albert Bandura

Question 7

Who are some audience theorists?

Answer 7

Stuart hall,
George Gerbner,
Albert Bandura

Question 8

Who came up with theories of representation?

Answer 8

Stuart hall

Question 9

Who came up with theories of identity?

Answer 9

David Gauntlett

Question 10

Who are the theorists of representation?

Answer 10

Stuart hall
David gauntlett

Question 11

Who are the Power and media industries theorist

Answer 11

Curran and Seaton.

Question 12

Who were the media industries theorists

Answer 12

Curran and seaton

Question 13

Which theorists were involved with media language?

Answer 13

Roland Barthes
Tzvetan todorov
Steve neale

Question 14

Who was the theorist who created semiotics

Answer 14

Roland Barthes

Question 15

Who was the theorist who created Narratology?

Answer 15

Txvetan Todorov

Question 16

Who was the theorist to create the genre theory?

Answer 16

Steve Neale

Question 17

Semiotics is the theory by ________ and it’s the idea that _____

Answer 17

Roland Barthes

The idea that signification can communicate meaning. The idea that signs can function at the level of indicating literal or common sense meanings.
Signs can be seen as self-evident.

Question 18

Who created narratology and what is it?

Answer 18

Tzvetan Todorov

It is the idea that all narratives (and how stories are created) follow/share a basic structure which involved movement from one state of equilibrium to another. These two states are separated by a period of imbalance or disequilibrium.
The idea that the way which narratives are resolved can have a particular ideological significance.

Question 19

Who made the genre theory and what is it?

Answer 19

Steve Neale

The idea that genres are repeated but are also have difference, variation and change. The idea that genres change, develop and vary as they borrow from and overlap with one another. Genres exist with specific economic, institutional and industrial contexts.

Question 20

Who created theories of representation and what is it?

Answer 20

Stuart hall

Stuart Hall’s representation theory looks at how meaning is created through language, media, and culture. He argues that representation doesn’t simply reflect reality but actively shapes how we understand the world. Hall explains that media producers “encode” messages with certain meanings, which audiences then “decode” in different ways, based on their backgrounds. This process is influenced by power, as dominant groups often control how others are portrayed, reinforcing stereotypes.

Question 21

Which newspapers are left and right wing?

Answer 21

RW - daily mirror/ Sunday mirror. Dailymail/ mail on Sunday. The times. Daily telegraph.

LW - guardian, observer, Daily express

Question 22

What was the daily express usage over a year. (2020)

Answer 22

-16% over a year

Question 23

Ferdinand de Saussure believed…

Answer 23

The basic unit of communication is the sign.

Question 24

Who created theories of identity and what is it?

Answer 24

David gauntlett

David Gauntlett’s theories of identity suggest that identity is not fixed but is shaped by media, culture, and personal choices. He argues that rather than media just reflecting society, they provide a range of representations that allow individuals to explore and create their own identities. People actively shape their sense of self by engaging with different media and experimenting with different roles. Gauntlett sees identity as a “project,” meaning it’s constantly evolving and constructed through ongoing interactions with cultural materials.

Question 25

Who created theory of power and media industries and what is it?

Answer 25

Curran and seaton
.

Curran and Seaton’s theory of power and media industries argues that media companies are primarily controlled by a small number of powerful, often commercial interests, which shape media content to serve their own agendas. They emphasize that media ownership plays a central role in determining the flow of information and the types of messages that are shared with the public. The theory suggests that media owners, through their control of major outlets, have the power to influence public opinion, reinforce dominant ideologies, and maintain social and political control.

Question 26

Who created theories of media effects and what is it?

Answer 26

Albert bandura
Implant ideas in the mind of the audience directly.
Acquire attitudes, emotional responses and new styles of conduct through modelling.
Media representations of transgressive behaviour such as violence or physical aggression.

Question 27

Who created theories of cultivation and what is it?

Answer 27

George gerbner
Ideas that exposure to repeated patterns of representations over long periods of time can shape and influence. The way in which people perceive the world around them.
Cultivation reinforces mainstream values.

Question 28

Who created theories of reception and what is it?

Answer 28

Stuart hall
Communication involves encoding by producers and decoding by audience.
The messages is adapted or negotiated to better fit the decoders own individual experiences or context the oppositional position. The encoders message is understood but the decoder disagrees with it reading it in a contrary or oppositional way.

Question 29

What are the 3 male gazes?

Answer 29

Director
Camera
Spectator

Question 30

What is male gaze?

Answer 30

The ‘male gaze’ is a feminist theory that states that cinema narratives and portrayals of women are constructed in an objectifying and limited manner to satisfy the psychological needs of me

(E.g.) Women often show more skin to attract male attention for more views popularity

Question 31

Who says we need to look at intersectionality to see the extent as to which people are discriminated against?

Answer 31

Bell Hooks says we need to look at intersectionality (the combination of multiple factors e.g. race, class and sex.

Question 32

What does bell hooks believe in?

Answer 32

The idea that race, sex and class determine the extent to which individuals are exploited, discriminated against or represented.

Question 33

What does lister van zoonen believe in?

Answer 33

“Women belong to the family and domestic life” + “ men do the social world of politics and work”.

Women’s bodies are meant to be looked at.

The male body as a spectacle differ from those used to objectify the female body.

Question 34

Who believes that women’s bodies are meant to be looked at?

Answer 34

Listener van zoonen

Question 35

What did Laura Mulvey believe in?

Answer 35

The female body is objectified in order to provide pleasure for male viewer