Definisions Flashcards
What does the term media language mean?
How media communicates through their forms, codes, conventions and techniques.
What does Representation mean?
How the media portrays events, issues, individuals and social groups.
What does media industries mean?
How the media industries’ processes production, distribution and circulation, affect media forms and platforms.
What does voyeuristic mean?
relating to or denoting sexual pleasure gained from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.
What does signified and signifier mean?
Signified - the mental concepts triggered by the signifier
Signifier - Physical form of the sign (i.e. word or photo, which triggers the signified)
What does denotation and connotation mean?
Denotation - The literal description of something.
Connotation - The associations or ideas surrounding something
Codes are groups of signs with similar characteristics. Which three categories are codes decided into?
Visual
Technical
Audio
Genre is…
The classification of texts into groups with similar characteristics.
What is the BBFC??
British board of film classification.
What is ASA?
Advertising standard authority
What is isFe
Interactive software Federation of Europe
what does ESRB stand for?
Entertainment software rating board
What is the essentialism view?
A feminist view that women and men are fundamentally different due to biological factors.
What is Hard sell?
Promoting/ stating what it does and that it’s the best and you should buy it.
What is soft sell?
Makes a story and selling some thing which isn’t very subtle.
Polysemy meaning
Where an image might have more than one possible meaning
Enigma codes meaning
Where a sense of mystery or anticipation may occur
Anchorage meaning
Where specific images words are used to ‘pin down’ meaning.
Women are perceived as a … in riptide
Watching object.
Representation of isolated sections of women’s bodies in riptide like?
Hands, legs, viewed from behind
The woman singing is seen in…
Various states of abuse.
Riptide shows women as a
Passive victim.
There are various mentions to media like…
The film midnight cowboy
The film star, Michelle Pfeiffer
The use of film billing block in the opening shot, referencing information found on a film poster or DVD cover
Iconic film moments mentioned in riptide…
The Wicker man - the women in a brown blazer.
Wes Anderson - using the binoculars.
The kuleshov effect -
Lev kuleshov
There was the same image of a man looking at the camera sit times. A child in an open coffin shows him griefing, etc and the audience make visual connectives of meaning to the lyrics.
VAL -
Values attitudes and lifestyle
Vertical integration
A company which owns more than one stage of production.
A media conglomerate
A company that owns many other companies
Cross media promotion
A campaign which uses all media platforms from print to online.
Global audience
International users
Producers
The makers of media products
Distributors
The companies which make sure the product reaches its audience (marketing)
What does enigma mean?
Mysterious and hard to explain
What does disjunction mean?
Repetition and inaccuracies
What does simulacra mean?
Simulation of something gone and done before.
What does hype-reality mean?
(E.g. Instagram) ppl believing something is real but isn’t.
What does pastiche mean?
Copying
What are the demographic categories?
Age
Ethnicity
Religion
Social class
Gender
Psychographics categories defines an audience by their…
Values, attitudes, and lifestyle.
Young and rubicans 4 cross (revise)
What does the aspirer mean?
Materialistic + fashion. Desired status.
What does the reformer mean?
Values own judgement anti materialistic, socially aware + tolerant.
What does the reformer mean?
Values own judgement anti materialistic, socially aware + tolerant.
What does the explorer mean?
Driven by a need for discovery and challenge, respond to new brands that offer instant effects.
What does the succeeders mean?
They have strong goals, usually in position of responsibility, they seek out quality brands. They desire products for relaxation. Their core is control.
What does the mainstreamers mean?
The largest audience group, they are mainstream of society. They desire brands and stick to those they know. They need security.
What does the succeeders mean?
Predominantly older audience with traditional values nostalgic for the past. They respect institutions and are driven by a need for safety and economy.
What does the succeeders mean?
Live for the moment and make few plans, see by other as victims and waste. They are aimless with few resources. They desire instant gratification and are consumers of alcohol and junk food. They seek brands for escape.
What does a sign/code mean?
Something which communicates meaning although the meaning of sign changes according to the context.
What does action code mean?
Something that happens in the narrative that tells the audience that some action will follow
What does Anchorage mean?
The words that accompany an image (still or moving) which give the meaning associated with that image.
What does “arc of transformation” mean?
The emotional changes a character goes through in the process of the narrative. The events in the story mean that they will ‘transform’ by the end of the story.
What does aspirational mean in terms of media texts?
It encourages the audience to want more money, up market consumer items and a higher social position.
What does audience segmentation mean?
Where a target audience is divided up due to the diversity and range of programmes and channels. This makes it difficult for one programme to attract a large target audience.
What does binary opposites mean?
Where texts incorporate examples or opposite values; for example, good vs evil.
What does brand identity mean?
The association the audience makes with the brand
What does channel identity mean?
That which makes the channel recognisable to audiences and different from any other channel.
What does connotation mean?
The meaning attached to that description
What does conventions mean?
What the audience expects to see in a particular media text
What does convergence mean?
The coming together of previously separate media industries; often the result of advances in technology
What do cover lines mean?
These suggest the content to the reader and often contain teasers and rhetorical questions
What does cross platform marketing mean?
In the media terms a text that is distributed and exhibited across a range of media formats or platforms.
What does demographic category mean?
A group in which consumers are placed according to their sex, race, income, age etc
What does decoration mean?
The description of what you can see/hear in a media text.
What does enigma code mean?
A narrative device which increases tension and audience interest by only releasing bits of information.
What does ethnocentric mean?
This means that the newspaper will be more concerned to cover stories that are closely related to the reader and their concerns.
What does ethos mean?
what the channel believes in and what it sees at its role.
What does flexi narrative mean?
A more complex narrative Structure with layers of interweaving storylines.
What does the four Cs stand for?
Cross Cultural Consumer Characteristics
Is a way of categorising consumers into groups through their motivational needs.
What does gatekeeper mean?
The people responsible for deciding the most appropriate stories to appear in the newspapers
What does hegemonic male representation mean?
It asserts. That the dominant social position in society is taken by men and the subordinate one by women.
What does horizontal integration mean?
Where the conglomerate is made up of different companies that produce and sell similar products.
What does hybrid reality mean?
Media texts that incorporate elements of more than one genre and are therefore more difficult to classify.
What does hyper reality mean?
A state where what is real and what is fiction are blended together and become indistinguishable
What does iconography mean?
The props, costumes, objects and backgrounds associated with a particular genre.
What does independent record label mean?
A record label that operates without the funding of and is not necessarily linked to a major record label.
What does intellectual property mean?
A legal concept which refers to creations of the mind for which the owners rights are recognised. These rights cover such intangible assets as music, literacy, and artist works.
What does linear narrative mean?
Where the narrative informed in chronological order from beginning to end.
What does ludology mean?
The study of games and those who play them.
What does male narcissism mean?
This literally means “self love” and comes from the freak god Narcissus who mistakenly fell in love with his own reflection. In media terms it suggests an obsession with body image and looking good.
What does Masculinity mean?
What it means to be a man
What does media conglomerate mean?
A company that owns other companies across a range of media platforms.
What does media platform mean?
The range of different ways of communicating with an audience.
What does metrosexual man mean?
An urban male who is narcissistically concerned with his physical appearance and fashion. He also acknowledges being sensitive, romantic and in touch with his ‘feminine side’
What does MMORPG mean?
Massively multiplayer online role playing game.
What does the mode of address mean?
The way in which a media ‘speaks to’ its target audience.
What does narrow cast mean?
Where a text will target a very specific narrow audience.
What does niche audience mean?
A relatively small audience with specialised interests, tastes and background.
What does Non linear narrative means?
Here the narrative manipulates time and space.
What does open world mean?
In an open world computer game the player can move freely through the virtual world and is not restricted by levels and other barriers to free roaming.
What does opinion leaders mean?
People in society who may affect the way in which others interpret a particular media text.
What does otherness mean?
A term used by both Stuart Hall and Manuel Alvarado to explore how different ethnic groups are often defined by how different they are.
What is pick n mix theory?
(Made by David gauntlett) he asserts the autonomy of the audience and challenged the notion that audiences are immediately affected by what they read. He maintains that audiences are more sophisticated than this and will select aspects of the media texts that best suit their needs and ignore the rest.
What does plurality mean?
This refers to a range of content to suit many people.
What does political bias mean?
Where a newspaper may show support for a political party through its choice of stories, style of coverage, cartoons etc.
what does privileged spectator position mean?
Where the camera places the audience in a superior position within the narrative.
What does public service broadcaster mean?
A radio and television broadcaster that is independent of government (financed by public money)
What is a red top?
A British newspaper that has its name in red at the top of the front page.
What does a regulator mean?
A person or body that supervises a particular industry
What does repertoire of elements mean?
Key features that distinguish one genre from another
What does Simulcast mean?
the streaming of live radio programmes from the website at the same time as they are broadcast on the radio.
What does splash mean?
The story that is given the most prominence on the front page of a newspaper.
What does stripped mean?
A technique used in radio and television whereby a certain programme is broadcast at the same time every day.
What is Stuart halls audience response theory?
Stuart hall suggested that producers encode texts and audience may take in the preferred reading, have a negotiated response where they accept some aspects of the text and disagree with others or have an oppositional response where they reject the ideology.
What does suspend disbelief mean?
An audience may be aware that where they are positioned by the camera.
What does synergy mean?
The interaction and co operation of two or more media organisations in order to produce mutually beneficial outcomes.
