Theorist Flashcards
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? (Work Motivation)
What are McClellands 3 types of motivational needs? (Work Motivation)
Achievement - Drive/Strive
Power - Control/Get things done
Affiliation - Friendship/Relationship
What is Herzberg two-factor theory? (Work Motivation)
https://youtu.be/f-qbGAvR4EU
Criticisms of Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow v Herzberg (Work Motivation)
Compare: https://youtu.be/wmHfvXr_mNE
What is John Kotters 8 step model ? (Change Management)
Managing change 8 step model
- sense of urgency
- build a coalition (team)
- strategic vision (logo/strap line)
- everyone on board
- remove barriers/ friction
- short term wins
- sustain acceleration
- set change in stone
https: //youtu.be/Gg2rlUURt5A
What is Lewin three-phase process? (Change Management)
Managing change Unfreezing - reducing forces which maintain behaviour
Movement - development of new attitudes
Refreezing - stabilising change at the new level
https://youtu.be/kerDFvln7hU
John Kotter v Lewin (Change Management)
Change management Similarities between two models
What is Kolb’s learning cycle? (Psychology of people & organisations)
Learn through past experience
Useful for lower and higher order thinking
Suggests learning through repetition
https://youtu.be/oikYx9-zhxQ
What is Bloom’s taxonomy of learning? (Psychology of people & organisations)
Useful in planning work-based learning
Top three higher order of thinking, more sophisticated required for behavioural change
Bottom three lower order of thinking, practical job training, required for learning and applying
https://youtu.be/fqgTBwElPzU
What is Bandura Social learning theory? (Psychology of people & organisations)
socialisation modifies behaviour
observe and copy the behaviour
https://youtu.be/NjTxQy_U3ac
What are Erikson 8 stages of personality development?
What is Charles Spearman G Factor Theory?
G factor theory is to do with general intelligence. It forms the basis of performance of mental tasks, and ability to do particular tasks.
David wants this mentioned in exam
Blooms v Kolbs v Bandura (Psychology of people & organisations)
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What is Neisser’s theory of perception? (Perception)
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What is Maier Quality and acceptance of decisions? (Decision Making Process)
What are Ansoff and McDonnell 1988 Three principal decision areas? (Decision Making Process)
Strategic decisions are basic long-term decisions
- services/markets/pdts
- setting objectives for the year
Operating decisions are short-term decisions
- less complex
- more routine
Administrative decisions
- follow those above
- repetitive
What is Mintzberg decision-making theory? (Decision Making Process)
Identification – problem recognition can be seen to depend on the behaviour of individuals, conditioned by the culture and politics of the organization;
Development – managers look into their experience for solutions. This will be a step-by-step process, beginning with the easiest (‘it worked before’) less innovative search solution, rather than considering a large number of alternatives;
Selection – the decision has to be authorized involving a number of behavioural, political and learning issues. Simplistic views tended to predominate in order to sustain the idea of being ‘in control’. This often led to repetition of past decisions resulting in strategic drift.
https: //youtu.be/DyvXu3lSSG0
https: //youtu.be/_NRWtd_SiU8
What is Herbert Simon - Satisficing?
decision making that is acceptable rather than perfect to save time
What is Taylors scientific Management? (Decision Making Process)
Scientific Management
Measure - Monitor - Control
Train - organise - control
Control and management of subordinates
no leadership
Managers should adopt better methods and eliminate waste
find the ‘one best way’ to do a task
Apply scientific methods to organise work patterns and flow
Use scientific approaches to select, train and develop your people
Heavily supervise the workers and detailed instructions
managers + employees do the work = successful organisations
What is McGregor’s Theory X & Y managers? (Leadership & Management)
Theory X (Lazy) - Decide what people do, control it then offer reward or punishment
Theory Y (Like) - positive environment improves performance. Encourage employees to use initiative
Took a unique view on what motivates and demotivates people in work.
Said that behind every management decision or action are assumptions about human nature and behaviour
Writing in mid 20th century he said traditional management thinking was about direction and control - he labelled these managers as Theory X
What is a Theory X Manager?
Theory X - employees dislike wor, people must be coerced, directed, threatened, employees want to be directed and avoid responsibility and have limited ambition
What is Blanchard and Hersey Situation Leadership? (Leadership & Management)
Supportive Behaviour - Directive Behaviour
S1 - Directing
S2 - Coaching
S3 - Supportive
S4 - Delegating
Leaders have to adapt to the situation
Example:
Architect - Supportive
Cleaner - Directive
Call Centre - coaching
What is Stewart Managerial Interactions? (Management)
Peer-dependent - Where contact with people at the same level in the organisation is high, it is important to obtain co-operation from people over whom the manager has no authority, and conflicting demands are a usual part of the job (e.g. a personnel manager).
People management - Here, peer contact is low and there is little dependence on people over whom the manager has no authority, except external contacts. People management jobs have responsibility for a separate or fairly self-contained section (e.g. office manager, site manager on a construction site).
Solo - This has less than 50% contact time with individuals and therefore a low demand on relationships. There is a low level of uncertainty and a high proportion of time is spent in meeting deadlines (e.g. progress chaser).
What is Taylors Rational Economic Man? (Work Motivation)
Taylor believed that men are only motivated to work because of the money they can earn. If you want them to work harder, then men will only do so if you give them a financial benefit to do so. The Rational Economic Man
What is John Adair - Action centre Leadership? (GroupThink)
What is Henri Fayol Five Functions of Management?
Planning
Organizing
Commanding
Coordinating
Controlling
What is a Theory Y manager?
Work can provide job satisfaction, working is a natural thing to do
Controlling workflows and people isn’t the only way
Individuals are capable of being self-directed and organising themselves
with a positive work environment, people will seek out responsibility
most people use their imagination, ingenuity and creativity in seeking solutions
What is Elton Mayo Theory?
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