Theories of motor learning Flashcards
cybernetics
study of computer-controlled machines such as robots
hardware =
anatomical structures
software =
physiologic processes
3 stages of Information Processing (IP) prior to response
- stimulus identification
- response selection
- response programming
how are stages of IP discovered
reaction time
reaction time
interval between presentation of an unanticipated stimulus and the start of response
begins at stimulus onset / ends with action begins
simple vs choice reaction
one choice available vs more neural processing/ longer time to complete
Memory Drum Theory
complex movement has longer reaction times than in simple movements
movement time
objective measure of a patient capability to perform task (TUG)
What will always improve with motor learning
reaction time, movement time, and response time
Adam’s closed loop theory of motor learning
slow moments that require accuracy
use sensory feedback to control movement
requires attention
what 2 memory states are needed to detect error
one to produce movement
one to evaluate movement
what does perceptual trace create?
memory structure
what form of extrinsic feedback strengthens perceptual trace
Knowledge of results
what is accurate performance is proportional to
strength of perceptual trace
bad performance would ____ strength perceptual trace
increase strength
limitations of closed loop learning theory
not useful for task that require rapid movements
Schmidt’s Schema Theory
memory structure
A rule
4 conditions of schmidt’s schema theory
- initial movement conditions (weight , body position)
- parameters used in motor program (force/muscle activation)
- knowledge of results
- sensory consequences on how it felt/look
2 memory structures
recall schema
recognition schema
recall schema
relationship b/w parameters of motor program and the outcome
- responsible for production of movement
- similar to memory trace
- produces motor program without feedback
recognition schema
relationship b/w initial condition, outcomes and sensory consequences
- responsible for movement evaluation
- similar to perceptual trace
- elvates feedback
clinical advantages of schmidt’s schema theory
Sensory information about initial condition and consequence will be used to create a recognition schema that will help to evaluate successive trials
disadvantages of schmidt’s schema theory
how does one generate “first time movement”
suggest KR after trial would strengthen learning = not the case!
