Theories of motor learning

Question 1

cybernetics

Answer 1

study of computer-controlled machines such as robots

Question 2

hardware =

Answer 2

anatomical structures

Question 3

software =

Answer 3

physiologic processes

Question 4

3 stages of Information Processing (IP) prior to response

Answer 4

• stimulus identification
• response selection
• response programming

Question 5

how are stages of IP discovered

Answer 5

reaction time

Question 6

reaction time

Answer 6

interval between presentation of an unanticipated stimulus and the start of response

begins at stimulus onset / ends with action begins

Question 7

simple vs choice reaction

Answer 7

one choice available vs more neural processing/ longer time to complete

Question 8

Memory Drum Theory

Answer 8

complex movement has longer reaction times than in simple movements

Question 9

movement time

Answer 9

objective measure of a patient capability to perform task (TUG)

Question 10

What will always improve with motor learning

Answer 10

reaction time, movement time, and response time

Question 11

Adam’s closed loop theory of motor learning

Answer 11

slow moments that require accuracy

use sensory feedback to control movement

requires attention

Question 12

what 2 memory states are needed to detect error

Answer 12

one to produce movement

one to evaluate movement

Question 13

what does perceptual trace create?

Answer 13

memory structure

Question 14

what form of extrinsic feedback strengthens perceptual trace

Answer 14

Knowledge of results

Question 15

what is accurate performance is proportional to

Answer 15

strength of perceptual trace

Question 16

bad performance would ____ strength perceptual trace

Answer 16

increase strength

Question 17

limitations of closed loop learning theory

Answer 17

not useful for task that require rapid movements

Question 18

Schmidt’s Schema Theory

Answer 18

memory structure

A rule

Question 19

4 conditions of schmidt’s schema theory

Answer 19

• initial movement conditions (weight , body position)
• parameters used in motor program (force/muscle activation)
• knowledge of results
• sensory consequences on how it felt/look

Question 20

2 memory structures

Answer 20

recall schema

recognition schema

Question 21

recall schema

Answer 21

relationship b/w parameters of motor program and the outcome

• responsible for production of movement
• similar to memory trace
• produces motor program without feedback

Question 22

recognition schema

Answer 22

relationship b/w initial condition, outcomes and sensory consequences

• responsible for movement evaluation
• similar to perceptual trace
• elvates feedback

Question 23

clinical advantages of schmidt’s schema theory

Answer 23

Sensory information about initial condition and consequence will be used to create a recognition schema that will help to evaluate successive trials

Question 24

disadvantages of schmidt’s schema theory

Answer 24

how does one generate “first time movement”

suggest KR after trial would strengthen learning = not the case!

Question 25

Newell’s Ecological Theory

Answer 25

based on perception action theory

• cues are mapped into actions
• proposed fewer memory structures

Question 26

regulatory (perceptual) cues

Answer 26

perceptual cues that are most relevant to performance of a specific task

Question 27

clinical implications of newell’s ecological theory

Answer 27

learns perceptual cues

As the patient practices the movement pattern emerge that solve the task/environment problem