Theories of Learning Flashcards
What are the 4 Theories of Learning?
Operant Conditioning
Thorndike’s Laws
Cognitive Theory of Learning
Social Learning Theory (Observational Learning)
Describe Operant Conditioning
Involves trial and error
Correct response is rewarded -> reinforces good response -> behaviour is shaped
Describe the 2 types of reinforcement:
Positive: Desired response occurs -> stimulus is given
Negative: Stimulus withdrawn if correct response occurs
What is the main aim of reinforcement?
Strengthen the S-R Bond
Describe punishment (Operant Conditioning):
Noxious stimulus provided to prevent incorrect response
Give a practical example of Operant Conditioning:
Football shooting drill:
Aim at whole goal -> then half goal -> target keeps getting smaller
Describe Thorndike’s Laws
Law of Exercise: Repetition
Law of Effect: Satisfier -> Strengthen, Annoyer -> weakens bond
Law of Readiness: Physically and mentally fit
Give a practical example of Thorndike’s Laws:
Hockey:
Exercise: Repeated dribbling strengthens S-R Bond
Effect: Positive comments to strengthen bond
Readiness: If injured, won’t be able to dribble
Describe the Cognitive Theory of Learning:
(Insight Learning -> Problem Solving)
Learner should be presented with whole skill
Learner must perceive incoming data well
Learner will use previous experiences to adapt to current problems
Give a practical example of the Cognitive Theory of Learning:
Cricket:
Bowler learns how to swing the ball by learning the mechanics of movement
What are the 5 stages of the Social Learning Theory:
Demonstration Attention Retention Motor Reproduction Motivation
Who created the Social Learning Theory and in what year?
Bandura - 1977
Give a practical example of the Social Learning Theory:
Rugby player copies what he sees a professional do on TV
