Memory

Question 1

Who made the multi-store memory model?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffren

Question 2

What are the 3 stores of the multi-store memory model?

Answer 2

Short term sensory
Short term
Long term

Question 3

Describe the short term sensory store

Answer 3

Cues from the environment enter the brain and are stored for around 1 second
Selective attention takes place (relevant info filtered through to short term store, irrelevant info is lost/forgotten)

Question 4

Describe the short term store

Answer 4

Working memory
Has a limited capacity
7 +/- 2 pieces of info can be stored at any one time (around 30s)
Important info is rehearsed then moves to LTM (encoding)

Question 5

Describe the long term store

Answer 5

Limitless capacity
Holds well learnt, retained and encoded info
(e.g. riding a bike)
Rehearsed movement skills will be moved to LTM
Any relevant info can be retrieved from LTM to STM (working space) when needed
Skill becomes almost automatic

Question 6

Advantages of the multi-store model:

Answer 6

Simplifies memory process

People with brain damage will have dysfunctional memory

Question 7

Disadvantages of the multi-store model:

Answer 7

Too simplified -> doesn’t explain why we remember different info

Question 8

What model did Craik and Lockhart create?

Answer 8

Levels of Processing

Question 9

What are the 3 stages of processing in the Levels of Processing Model?

Answer 9

Structural
Phonetic
Semantic

Question 10

Describe the structural level

Answer 10

What the information looks like

Shallow processing level

Question 11

Describe the phonetic level

Answer 11

How the information sounds

Question 12

Describe the semantic level

Answer 12

What the info means

Deepest processing level

Question 13

Define memory trace:

Answer 13

Brain cells retain or store information

Question 14

Give a practical example of the Levels of Processing Model

Answer 14

Gymnast:
Coach explains why you need to tuck your legs in a somersault for greater rotation
Gymnast understands this and they are more likely to remember it

Question 15

Advantages of Levels of Processing Model

Answer 15

Explains why we remember what we understand

Explains why we remember info that we consider and analyse for longer

Question 16

Disadvantages of Levels of Processing Model

Answer 16

Better recall is not always seen after longer process of retrieving info
Difficult to understand what deep processing means
Doesn’t consider individual differences

Question 17

What are the best ways to optimise the memory process?

Answer 17

Rehearsal
Meaningfulness
Association
Chunking
Mental Imagery
Avoid Overload

Question 18

How do rehearsal and meaningfulness optimise the memory process? (separate)

Answer 18

Rehearsal: Skill moved to LTM
Meaningfulness: Info will be remembered more if it is more relevant

Question 19

How do association and chunking optimise the memory process? (separate)

Answer 19

Association: New info is just developing old info
Chunking: Info is broken down and grouped together

Question 20

How do mental imagery and avoiding overload optimise the memory process? (separate)

Answer 20

Mental Imagery: Performer can remember technique more effectively
Avoid Overload: Allows info to sink in and be rehearsed before giving anything new