Memory Flashcards
Who made the multi-store memory model?
Atkinson and Shiffren
What are the 3 stores of the multi-store memory model?
Short term sensory
Short term
Long term
Describe the short term sensory store
Cues from the environment enter the brain and are stored for around 1 second
Selective attention takes place (relevant info filtered through to short term store, irrelevant info is lost/forgotten)
Describe the short term store
Working memory
Has a limited capacity
7 +/- 2 pieces of info can be stored at any one time (around 30s)
Important info is rehearsed then moves to LTM (encoding)
Describe the long term store
Limitless capacity
Holds well learnt, retained and encoded info
(e.g. riding a bike)
Rehearsed movement skills will be moved to LTM
Any relevant info can be retrieved from LTM to STM (working space) when needed
Skill becomes almost automatic
Advantages of the multi-store model:
Simplifies memory process
People with brain damage will have dysfunctional memory
Disadvantages of the multi-store model:
Too simplified -> doesn’t explain why we remember different info
What model did Craik and Lockhart create?
Levels of Processing
What are the 3 stages of processing in the Levels of Processing Model?
Structural
Phonetic
Semantic
Describe the structural level
What the information looks like
Shallow processing level
Describe the phonetic level
How the information sounds
Describe the semantic level
What the info means
Deepest processing level
Define memory trace:
Brain cells retain or store information
Give a practical example of the Levels of Processing Model
Gymnast:
Coach explains why you need to tuck your legs in a somersault for greater rotation
Gymnast understands this and they are more likely to remember it
Advantages of Levels of Processing Model
Explains why we remember what we understand
Explains why we remember info that we consider and analyse for longer
Disadvantages of Levels of Processing Model
Better recall is not always seen after longer process of retrieving info
Difficult to understand what deep processing means
Doesn’t consider individual differences
What are the best ways to optimise the memory process?
Rehearsal Meaningfulness Association Chunking Mental Imagery Avoid Overload
How do rehearsal and meaningfulness optimise the memory process? (separate)
Rehearsal: Skill moved to LTM
Meaningfulness: Info will be remembered more if it is more relevant
How do association and chunking optimise the memory process? (separate)
Association: New info is just developing old info
Chunking: Info is broken down and grouped together
How do mental imagery and avoiding overload optimise the memory process? (separate)
Mental Imagery: Performer can remember technique more effectively
Avoid Overload: Allows info to sink in and be rehearsed before giving anything new
