theories of learning

Question 1

What is Operant conditioning? (Skinner)

Answer 1

Operant conditioning rewards positive actions by using reinforcement to link the correct responses to a stimulus, this creates a stimulus-response bond which means a certain stimulus triggers an autonomous response

Question 2

What are the four stages of Observational learning? (Bandura)

Answer 2

1. Attention - a demo for the performer that needs to be eye catching so that they pay attention
2. Retention - ability to recall important cues and to remember the demo
3. Motor production - ensuring the player is physically able to copy the demo
4. Motivation - the drive needed to copy the demo

Question 3

What are the two parts of Social Development theory? (Vygotsky)

Answer 3

1. Inter-pyschological learning - uses a more knowledgeable other (MKO) to gain advice, feedback and tactical knowledge
2. Intra-pyschological learning - analyse, evaluate and construct off of the inter-pyschological learning

Question 4

What is the main idea of constructivism? (Vygotsky)

Answer 4

To construct on previous knowledge

Question 5

What are the three zones of proximal development for Constructivism?

Answer 5

1. What can I do alone?
2. What can I do with help?
3. What can I not do yet?

Question 6

What is the main principle of Insight learning? (Gestalts)

Answer 6

The performer uses previous knowledge to form an idea of how to deal with a problem, if the idea works them the performer can continue using the idea, if the idea does not work then it can be altered in order to succeed next time. The performer can adapt their behaviour to situations

Question 7

What does Gestalts mean/stand for?

Answer 7

To concentrate on the whole rather than parts