Theories of aggression Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 theories of aggression?
A
- Instinct theory.
- Frustration- Aggression Hypothesis (Dolland).
- Aggression cue Hypothesis (Berkowitz).
- Social learning theory (Bandura).
2
Q
What is the main assumption of the instinct theory?
A
- Suggests that we have a natural trait or predisposition to be aggressive.
- We genetically have a biological drive to defend ourselves.
3
Q
What does the instinct theory suggest?
A
- If we are provoked, we will act aggressively (channel for aggression from a biological drive).
- Aggressive ‘animal instincts’ surface when faced with a threat- fight for survival.
- Once aggression is released, catharsis is experienced (calm down).
4
Q
Sporting examples (Instinct theory)- AO2
A
- When playing at home, sports performers will defend their home record and try everything to win, even aggression.
- A reaction to a bad foul, you may try to defend yourself as you perceive a threat of injury. This might be by committing an aggressive act.
5
Q
Is the Instinct theory nature or nurture?
A
- Nature: it is believed this theory is evolutionary, claiming all performers are born with an aggressive instinct that will surface if provoked.
6
Q
Limitations of the Instinct approach
A
- Not all aggression is reactive and spontaneous= some is learnt or pre-intended.
- Aggression can be unlearnt.
- Some performers may not experience catharsis, therefore aggression levels can continue to increase during performance.
7
Q
What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggest?
A
- Suggests that aggression is inevitable when goals are blocked, and the performer becomes frustrated.
- Frustration leads to aggression.
- If aggression is not released then a form of punishment occurs which increases frustration, leading to further aggression (catastrophe arousal theory).
8
Q
Sporting examples of the Frustration-aggression hypothesis (AO2)
A
- Losing.
- Poor personal performance.
- Pressure of success.
- High pressure game.
- Being fouled.
9
Q
A
