Theories in Exercise Psychology Part 2 Flashcards
Transtheoretical Model: stages of change
- Pre-contemplation: unaware of the problem
- Contemplation: aware of problem, desire to change behaviour
- Preparation: intends to take action
- Action: Practices the desired behaviour
- Maintenance: Works to sustain behaviour change
Evidence of people moving through stages of behaviour change
- Shift in decisional balance (pros vs cons)
- Increased self-efficacy
Limitations and disuse of the transtheoretical model
- Major limitation of the TTM is that its constructs cannot reliably predict which stage a person will move to and when
- The model fails to fully explain the mechanisms by which people change their exercise behaviour and move across the stages
- No longer used in exercise psychology research but still used by some physical activity counselors
Compare Social cognitive theories and social ecological models
SCT: focus on the individual - how individual thinks and feels about exercise will determine future exercise behaviour
SEM: The individual is only 1 piece of the puzzle
What are the 5 levels that impact behaviours in the social ecological model
- Individual: biological, psychological and skills
- Physical activity domains: areas of life where physical activities might take place
- Interpersonal-Level Factors: Interactions and relationships b/w groups and individuals
- Physical Environment: Features of the built and natural environment
- Policy: Rules, regulations, and practices that may impact physical activity through a variety of mechanisms
Correlates of PA
Factors that are reliably associated with PA behaviour, but do not cause changes in PA
- E.x. owning exercise equipment
Determinants of PA
Factors that are correlated with PA, but they also directly affect PA
- E.x. weather and outdoor activity
Benefits of the social Ecological Models
- A look at the big picture
- Gives us an understanding of the multiple levels of influence
- An environmental approach to behaviour change
Limitations of the social ecological model
Feasibility and cost of implementation
Examples of physical activity domains
- Recreation
- Transportation
- Occupation
- Household
Examples of interpersonal
- Social norms
- Social support
- Role models
Physical Environment
- Parks and trails (accessibility, safety)
- Home design (stairs, gardens)
- Neighborhoods (personal and traffic safety)
- Location of workplace/school (access to side walks)
- Community design (connected streets, mixed land uses)
- Sidewalks & bicycle paths
- Natural environment (weather, animals, topography)
Policy
- Tax treatment of private facilities
- Park budgets & design standards
- Sidewalk requirements & standards
- Zone codes for density and parking
- tax treatment of exercise equipment
- zoning and developing codes
- road design
- physical education policy
Study looking at the relationship between PA, motivation type and psychological needs in school children results
- Relationship between PA and intrinsic motivation is positive
- relationship between PA and extrinsic motivation or amotivation is negative
- Intrinsic motivation positively associated with supporting all 3 psychological needs
- Extrinsic and amotivation negatively associated with supporting all 3 psychological needs
- Teachers had strong influence on autonomy and competency
- Peers had a greater influence on relatedness
