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Exercise psychology > Personality and Exercise > Flashcards

Personality and Exercise Flashcards

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1
Q

Def: Personality

A

Underlying, relatively stable, psychological structures and processes that organize human experience and shape a person’s actions and reactions to the environment

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2
Q

3 main facets of personality

A
  1. Personality Core: Developed from early environmental interactions and resistance to change
  2. Typical responses to situations: Predictable behaviour and reactions
  3. Role-related behaviours: daily behaviours influenced by the environment, most easily changed
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3
Q

structure of personality pyramid

A

Base: Personality Core
Middle: Typical Response
Top: Role-related behaviours
As you go up the pyramid behavior becomes more externally regulated and more dynamic

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4
Q

Learning/situational approaches of the study of personality

A
  • More emphasis on environment
  • Includes: Conditioning/ Behaviorist or social learning theories
  • Endorse an interactionist perspective
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5
Q

Dispositional/Trait Theories to the study of personality

A
  • Emphasis on the individual
  • Includes: Biological and trait theories
  • Endorse an interactionist perspective
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6
Q

Ancient Greek Theory of Humors

A

Balance of bodily fluids = personality
Blood = cheerful, optimistic
Yellow Bile = Irritable
Black Bile = sad, depressed
Phlegm = apathetic, indifferent

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7
Q

Constitutional Theory

A
  • Individuals possess certain somatotypes (body types) determine personality
  • Ectomorph (tall and lean) = Cerebrotonia (tense, introverted)
  • Endomorph (Plump and round) = Visceratonia (Sociable and relaxed)
  • Mesomorph (Athletic) = Somatotonia (adventurous and aggressive)
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8
Q

Traits

A

Relatively enduring dispositions that exert a consistent influence on behaviour in a variety of situations

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9
Q

States

A

The psychological reaction to the situation in which the individual finds him/herself

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10
Q

Trait Theories

A
  • Emanate form inside the person
  • Personality consists of specific traits and more general traits
  • Examples of theories include Eysenck’s personality theory and five factor model
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11
Q

Dimensions of Eysenck’s Theory

A

Extraversion- Introversion (E)
Neuroticism - Stability (N)
Psychoticism - superego (P)

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12
Q

Extraversion - Introversion

A
  • Outgoing, sociable, optimistic
  • Driven by level of cortical arousal in cortex of brain
  • Reticular formation mediates cortical arousal
  • Introverts: Higher base level activation, avoid further stimulation, low pain tolerance
  • Extroverts (Opposite)
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13
Q

Neuroticism - Stability

A
  • Tense, anxious, moody
  • Driven by limbic system and autonomic nervous system
  • ANS drives fight or flight response
  • High N - more labile, longer-lasting ANS reactions, continues to process stressors even when it is no longer present
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14
Q

Psychoticism- Superego

A
  • Impulsive, aggressive, hostile
  • Driven by hormonal function
  • Increased androgen and relative absence of serotonin
  • Lead to heightened aggressiveness, impersonal attitudes, and antisocial behaviour
  • Very little attention in exercise domain; can be advantageous in certain sport situations
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15
Q

Factors of the five factor model

A
  • Openness to experience/ intellect (O) : Ability to accept or adjust to new ideas
  • Conscientiousness (C): Goal-oriented, self-discipline, determined and strong-willed
  • Extraversion (E): Tendency to be outgoing
  • Agreeableness (A): Compatible with others
  • Neuroticism (N): Tense, moody, excitable
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16
Q

Gender-role Orientations personality factors and relevance for exercise

A
  • Instrumental (M): Risk-taking, independence, competitiveness
  • Expressive (F): Affection, compassion, understanding, sympathy
    Relevance for exercise: Feminine individuals avoid masculine activities when given a choice, like exercise
17
Q

Type A behaviour pattern (TAPB)

A

Hostility/anger, competitiveness, achievement striving, impatient, aggressive
- type A more competitive, Type B more relaxed

18
Q

Hardiness

A

Proposed to be stress-buffering/ protects against deleterious effects of stress comprised of;
- a sense of control over events
- Commitment, dedication or involvement in everyday life
- a tendency to perceive life events as challenges and opportunities rather than as stressors

19
Q

How is hardiness relevant for exercise

A

Hardiness is related to a tendency to engage in more healthful behaviours, but research is correlation

20
Q

Personality and exercise

A

Personality has a small but significant effect on health and longevity
- Impacts health behaviors
- Reactivity to stressors
- Psychological responses to illness

21
Q

What is the goal of research in exercise psychology

A

Seeks to determine psychological antecedents of physical activity and psychological consequences of physical activity

22
Q

Antecedents of physical activity

A
  • Exercise types
  • Preferred intensity
  • Setting of exercise
  • Ability to stick to a plan/ schedule
  • Willingness to try new activities
  • Risk taking
23
Q

Consequences of exercise

A
  • Increase enjoyment and intrinsic motivation
  • Increased confidence and self-efficacy to perform a task
  • willingness to new activity
  • Willing to take greater risks
  • Confidence and ability to overcome barriers
  • Increased resiliency
  • Decreased cardiovascular disease risk
24
Q

Exercise preferences associated with extroversion and why

A
  • Exercise increases stimulation
  • Higher pain tolerance
  • preference for high intensity activity
  • report lower RPE
25
Q

Activity Trait

A
  • Sub-trait of extroversion
  • Tendency to be busy and energetic and to prefer fast-paced living
26
Q

Neuroticism and Exercise

A
  • Increased sedentary behavior and decreased physical activity
  • Exercise training may lead to less neurotic personality trait and reduce trait anxiety
27
Q

Study on stress recovery and neuroticism

A

Is neuroticism related to recovery from stress
- Researchers compared stress recovery between 2 groups of women - 43 women w/ high N and 44 w/ low N
- Performed social stress task w/ hostile, neutral and friendly conditions
- Measured anxiety and BP 10 min after completing each condition
- High neuroticism had slower stress recovery through both anxiety and BP

28
Q

Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality

A

Can altering serotonin levels impact personality traits
- Psilocybin = psychoactive compound that is a serotonin mimetic
- Participants with moderate-to-severe treatment resistant depression
- ingest 2 doses of psilocybin in a supervised setting
- 10mg and 25mg
- measured personality structure 3-months later
- 2 doses of psilocybin lowers depression severity
- Decreases neuroticism and increases openness, extraversion

29
Q

Openness and exercise

A

increase outdoor exercise

30
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Increases;
- self-reported exercise
- exercise intentions
- overcoming barriers
- scheduled exercise

31
Q

Extraversion and exercsie

A

Increases:
- moderate and strenuous exercise
- self-reported exercise
- exercise intentions
- overcoming barriers
- prefer exercising with others
- enjoyment

32
Q

Neuroticism

A

Decreased
- self-reported exercise
- exercise adherence
- exercise intentions
- enjoyment
Increased
- Barriers
- enhanced appearance

33
Q

How does personality relate to exercise motivation

A
  • Increased levels of external motivation for people with high neuroticism and low openness
  • Increased levels of internal motivation for people with high extraversion and conscientiousness
34
Q

Why might someone with high extraversion and conscientiousness have greater intrinsic motivation for exercise

A

Satisfying 3 basic psychological needs
AUTONOMY AND COMPETENCY
- Conscientious people are better at planning, scheduling and following through with goals
- Extraverts have higher adherence to PA
RELATEDNESS
- Extroverts seek out social situations

35
Q

Intensity preference

A

A predisposition to select a particular level of physical effort when given the opportunity to choose the level

36
Q

Intensity Tolerance

A

A trait that influences one’s ability to continue exercising at an imposed level of physical effort even when the activity becomes uncomfortable or unpleasant

Exercise psychology (9 decks)

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