Emotional Well-being and exercise Flashcards
Def: Emotional Well-being
- A greater amount of positive than negative affect
- Favorable thoughts
- Satisfaction with life
Affect
Primitive reflex
- valenced feeling state
- Pleasure vs displeasure
- No cognitive appraisal
Emotion
Response following cognitive appraisal
- Short-lived, temporary
- Intense, variable, specific to stimulus
Mood
Subjective states with cognitive basis
- Longer lasting
- Broader, sometimes unspecific causes
- less intense as emotions
Generalized measures for affect, emotion and mood
- Profile of Mood States (POMS)
- Positive and Negative Affect schedule (PANAS)
Profile of Mood States
- Most popular self-report instrument of mood
- 6 Mood states
- Can examine mood changes in response to exercise manipulations
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule
- Provides measures of positive and negative affect
- ## Measures only high-activation states like excitement or nervousness
Criticisms of generalized measures
Not sensitive enough to exercise stimuli
- irrelevant items
- POMS = 6 states
Existing measures fail to detect unique properties of exercsie
Exercise specific Measures
- Exercise-induced feeling inventory
- Subjective Exercise Experience Scale
- Physical Activity Affect Scale
- Feeling Scale
Feeling Scale
- Single-item measure of valence or hedonic tone
- 11-point continuum
- Can be used during exercise
Criticisms of Exercise-specific Measures
- Each was initially developed in the absence of a guiding theoretical framework
- EFI, SEES and PAAS did not satisfactorily address the concerns that led to their development
Issues related to study of exercise-related Affect
- Categorical vs dimensional approaches
- Dose-response issues
- Temporal dynamics of affective response
Categorical Approaches
- Affective states are distinct with unique properties and antecedents
- Exercise may reduce one state but not others
Dimensional Approaches
- Affective states are interrelated and can be captured by a small number of dimensions
- Dimensional approaches are broader in scope
Temporal dynamics of affective response
Affect experienced during exercise may be distinct from the change reported before and after
- Has implications for exercise prescription and exercise adherence
Dose-Response Issues
- What duration is ideal ( some say 20-30 but lack of evidence)
- How intense should the exercise be (some say moderate
- Individually determined metabolic landmarks may have implications for the relationship between exercise intensity and affective responses
What can maladaptive overtraining lead to
- increased negative mental health
- poorer performance
- Clinical depression
- Changes in psychological profile
Iceberg Profile
- Psychological profile of the elite athlete
- POMS Profile
- Can be reversed with extreme overtraining
- Treatment = decreased training load
Categorical Measures
- Assumes affective states are distinct with unique properties and antecedents
- Exercise may reduce one state but not others
Dimensional Measures
- Assumes affective states are interrelated and can be captured by a small number of dimensions
- Broader in scope
Feeling Scale
- Single-item measure of valence or hedonic tone
- Core affect
- 11 point continuum (-5 to +5)
- Can be used during exercise
Felt Arousal Scale
- Estimate here how aroused you actually feel
- 1 to 6 scale
Two-dimensional circumplex model of affect
Activation - arousal (felt arousal scale)
Valence - affect/feelings (feelings scale
- Displayed on 2D graph/ wheel
Temporal Dynamic of affective responses
- Affect experience measured during may be distinct from the change reported before and after
- Has implications for exercise prescription and adherence
Ventilatory Threshold
- Inflection point in ventilation during exercise
- Closely aligned w/lactate threshold
- Indicates greater contribution of anaerobic metabolism during higher intensity exercise
- VT is a key intensity indicator for affective responses to exercise
Hedonic Theory
People gravitate towards behaviours that bring them pleasure
Affect-behaviour relationship
- Affective responses during continuous exercise shown to predict future exercise behaviour
- Concern that negative affect during interval exercise may deter future behaviour
How is past exercise experience related to current behavior and adherence
- Highly active people = more preference for higher intensity exercise
- Anticipated pleasure from increased high intensity = higher likelihood that you will do it again
- Inactive people prefer low intensity because they anticipated displeasure from high intensity
Affect and continuous exercise
- linear decrease in affect over time
- rises after completion of exercise
Affect and interval Exercise
- Affect drops more negatively during high intensity bouts
- Affect rises during rest periods
In-task effect
Tends to be more negative affect during interval exercise compared to continuous
