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Exercise psychology > Social Influences on Exercise > Flashcards

Social Influences on Exercise Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Influence

A

Real or imagined pressure to change one’s behaviour, attitudes or beliefs

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2
Q

Social support

A

Perceived comfort, caring, assistance, and information that a person receives from others
- Reflected in the size of one’s social network
- Reflected in the amount/type of support received
- Form of social influence

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3
Q

Types of social support

A
  • Instrumental
  • emotional
  • Informational
  • Companionship
  • Validation
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4
Q

Instrumental Support

A

tangible and practical assistance

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5
Q

Emotional Support

A

Expressing encouragement, empathy or concern

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6
Q

Informational support

A

Providing direction, advise or suggestions

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7
Q

Companionship Support

A

Someone to do stuff with

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8
Q

Validation support

A

Comparing yourself to others to validate thoughts, feelings and experiences

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9
Q

Aspects of social support

A
  • Health care providers
  • Animals
  • Family
  • Social media
  • exercise groups
  • exercise leaders/ instructors
  • peers
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10
Q

Family as a source of social support

A
  • Consistently shown to have small positive impact on exercise behavior
  • Parents influence children
  • More likely to engage in exercise with spouse (shown in older adults and rehab participants)
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11
Q

How has exercising with a spouse effected the completion of cardiac rehab programs

A

completion of 90% with spouse and only 66% without spouse

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12
Q

Downsides of family as social support

A
  • Greater pressure to exercise can lead to feelings of guilt for not exercising (opposite effect)
  • Perception of pressure impacts perception of the activity
  • Pressure = behavioral reactance, decrease effort
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13
Q

Behavioral Reactance

A

When individuals perceive significant others to be exerting social control rather than providing social support

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14
Q

Health care providers as a source of influence

A
  • Credible, preferred source of information
  • Practice what you preach increases credibility
  • People are more likely to be active if a doctor encourages it
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15
Q

ACSM’s Exercise is medicine

A

Informational pamphlet on prescription of exercise as first line of treatment or intervention
- involved in the education of future physicians

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16
Q

Exercise leader/instructor as sources of influence

A
  • Can provide all five types of social support
  • Influence may depend on leadership style
  • may workout with greater intensity
  • increased self efficacy
17
Q

What did the study on the influence of personal trainers on the training intensity

A

With PT increases RPE, increased training intensity and increased 1RM

18
Q

Importance of leadership style

A

TRANSFORMATIONAL
- Cultivate positive change
- Encouraging social support
- Address participants by name
- reinforces positive behaviours, ignores mistakes
- words instructions positively
BLAND
- Neutral, no support, or encouragement
- does not use participants names
- focuses on correcting negative behaviours
- words instructions negatively

19
Q

Main qualities of transformational leadership behvaiour

A
  • Idealized influence
  • Inspirational motivation
  • Intellectual stimulation
  • Individualized consideration
20
Q

Idealized Influence

A

Engendering the trust and respect of others and act as a role model

21
Q

Inspirational Motivation

A

Showing enthusiasm and optimism about what others can accomplish and articulating a compelling vision of the future

22
Q

Intellectual stimulation

A

Engaging the rationality of others and causing them to loo at old problems in new ways

23
Q

Individualized consideration

A

Demonstrating care and concern for others’ physical and psychological needs

24
Q

How does the effects of transformational leadership and bland compare

A

Transformational produces greater;
- Exercise self-efficacy
- Energy and enthusiasm
- Enjoyment
- Adherence
- Intention to join exercise class in future
and less;
- Post-exercise fatigue
- concern about embarrassing oneself and trying new things

25
Q

Exercise groups as a form of social support

A
  • Those who are part of an exercise group are more likely to be adherent
  • Some aspects of exercise groups can undermine exercise-related thoughts, feelings and behaviors
  • Key aspects include cohesion, size and composition
26
Q

Exercise groups cohesion

A
  • Dynamic process reflected in the tendency of the group to stick together
    2 key elements: Task (liking the activities/goals) and social (liking the group members and interactions outside of exercise)
  • Each element can be evaluated based on individual attractions to the group and group integration
27
Q

What are some team building cohesion strategies

A
  • Group integration - social
  • Group integration - task
  • Indiviudal attractions group -social
  • Individual attractions group - task
28
Q

Group integration - social strategy for cohesion

A

provide opportunities for participants to share their exercise challenges and successes in order to feel a sense of group member support and similarity

29
Q

Group integration - task strategy for cohesion

A

Develop activities that require group to work together to achieve a common goal

30
Q

Individual attractions group - social strategy cohesion

A

Provide opportunities for social interactions with group members both during and outside of formal class

31
Q

Individual attractions group - task strategies for cohesion

A

Provide opportunities for group interaction during the exercise activities

32
Q

Group size effect of group exercise as social support

A

As group size increases, perceived group cohesion and exercise satisfaction decreases
- Smaller groups = easier to integrate people, more individual attention
- Bigger groups = more crowded, lower quality of interactions

33
Q

Group composition of exercise groups

A

People may feel more comfortable and confident exercising in groups where they are on equal footing and physically similar

34
Q

Social facilitation

A

Don’t need to be directly exercising with people to have effects, others in environment can increase intensity especially if they are of the opposite gender

35
Q

Social technology

A

Can increase exercise behaviour but may become reliant

Exercise psychology (9 decks)

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