Theoretical Perspectives

Question 1

A Theory that examines social and economic factors as the causes of criminal deviance.

Answer 1

Conflict Theory

Question 2

This Theory postulates that Social Control is directly affected by the strength of social bond . Deviance , contrariwise , results from the feeling of social disconnection from the society.

Answer 2

Control Theory

Question 3

This theoretical postulation intimates that crime is caused by the segment’s conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower class society.

Answer 3

Cultural Deviance Theory

Question 4

This theory postulates that deviance is an acquired , learned and conditioned behavior. The vulnerable class learns from those who provides the opportunistic model for social deviance.

Answer 4

Differential Association Theory

Question 5

The ascription of deviant behaviour unto another person by the societal members. Its imputation of labels .

Answer 5

Labeling Theory

Question 6

This label describes the chief characteristic of an individual.

Answer 6

Master status

Question 7

Theoretically , the postulate states that there is a higher level of crimes in the communities of emasculated and weak social ties. Social control is virtually absent.

Answer 7

Social Disorganization Theory

Question 8

This theory emphasizes the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to achieve and reacts those goals.

Answer 8

Strain Theory

Question 9

This is one of Emile Durkheim’s conceptualization of Social Order. It is Bond between an individual and a group that is based on shared interest. Collective Conscience envelopes the individual conscience. He becomes an integral part of the Whole. It reference to connection , cohesion , and integration as emanated from homogeneity or from the similitude of work , education , religiosity , and lifestyle . Collective Consciousness maintains this dimension of Social Order.

Answer 9

Mechanical Solidarty

Question 10

Emile Durkheim’s conceptualization of 1 of this Social Order as a Social cohesion that is based on the Interdependence of the Division of Labor rather than on similarity between individual. This Social order has prevalence in the advanced societies. It reflects professional dependence and Symbiosis with the incompatible labor entities. The Symbiosis is illustrated here by the relations between Farmers and. Factory personnels. Farmers produce agricultural crops for the assembly line workers’ consumption. In return , the assembly line personnels manufacture Tractors as utilitarian commodity for the Farmers. Notwithstanding occupational differences ( labor and its compartmentalization ) , there is professional dependence and symbiosis of Labor.

Answer 10

Organic Solidarity

Question 11

? , French Sociologist , was one of the founders of Modern Social Science and the. Fathers of Sociology alongside Karl Marx & Max Weber. He formally created the academic discipline of Sociology. He published Suicide (1897) . His first publication , The Division of Labor in Society (1893) , provided an adumbrative analysis , critical assessment and conceptual framework of two Social Orders : Mechanical and Organic Solidarity. He espoused on how Social Order and Solidarity are established and maintained.

Answer 11

Emile Durkheim

Question 12

This concept implies formed connections between individuals that allows them to form “… Cohesive Social unit…” Durkheim saw this as an essential component for a functioning Civilization and for a fulfilled human life. It is dichotomized into Mechanical and Organic from which the society or group integrates .

Answer 12

Solidarity

Question 13

Emile Durkheim’s conceptualization of this form of consciousness as “… the organ of sentiments and representations…it is NOT the rational organ that the term consciousness would imply..”

Answer 13

Collective Cinsciousness

Question 14

This Sociological theory is an integration of society and science. It conceptualizes its science as a systematic application pf Darwinian Evolutionary theory of animal behavior and to social behavior that is formed by Genetics . The Scientists inquire within as to the reason for animal interactive inclination . Why do animal intermingle and cooperate. They are intuitively social to the extent of beneficial and mutual cooperation . Race and Ethnicity are subsumed sociobiologically as per the Sociologists , Van de Bergh and Barash ( 1977 ).

Answer 14

Sociobiology

Question 15

The faculty of KNOWING as if by instinct . The process does not involve conscious reasoning ; The adjectival form is intuitive.

Answer 15

Intuition