Theme Two rest Of Phylums Flashcards
What are protostomes further divided into
And what are their characteristics
Lophotrochazoans:
have trochophore larvae and lophophore feeding structure
Ecdysozoans:
Have external cuticale which it shed to frown
(Ecdysis)
What type of circulatory and nervous system do protostomes have?
Deuterostomes?
Protostomes:
Ventral nervous system
Dorsal circulatory system
Deuterostomes:
Dorsal nervous system
Ventral circulatory system
What are some other cues to the taxonomy of protostomes and deuterostomes
Body segmentation (found in chordates (us), arthropods, earthworms leeches)
Molecular evidence (dna and protiens)
What does the phylum porifera have
Sponges
What are characteristics of phylum porifera
Assymetrical
Parazoans: no true tissues they reform after being cut up
Not diplo or triploblasts
Sessile as adults motile when young
No nerves, filter feeders
How to sponges filter feed
Suck in water through pores at the base
A choanocyte dissolves the food particle and then the water is shot out through top
Very similar to chaonoflagellates
What is phylum Ctenophora
Comb jellies
What characteristics does phylum Ctenophora have
Diploblastic (biradial symmetry)
Gelatinous body
Combs that are actually plates of fused cilia that project outward
Combs are used to move
What is included in phylum Cnidaria
Jellyfish
sea anemones
coral
hydra
What characteristics are in phylum Cnidaria
They have radial symmetry
Diploblastic (no mesoderm)
Their life cycles include both polyp and Medusa stages
What is the polyp life stage of Cnidaria
The mostly sessile stage
The moth is facing the top
What is the Medusa life stage of Cnidaria
Mobile stage (they move)
Mouth facing down
What is a shared derived character of capture prey Cnidaria to capture prey
How do they work
Cnidocytes and nematocysts
The nematocyst is a spine (spike) that shoots out when touched then grabs prey. This whole thing is called a cnidocyte (the nematocyst is attached to it)
What are siphonophores
Colonial cnidarians that a modified for diff functions
Ex. Portuguese man o war jellyfish
What is phylum rotifera, what does it include
It’s a sister group in lophatrocozoa
Is has a spiky mouth (corona) which moves water to bring particle to its mouth.
Has excretory system and anus
What phylum are in lophotrochozoa which are all protsostomes
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Mollusca
Annelida (segmented worms)
What organisms and charcteristics included in phylum platyhelminths
Tapeworm
Turbellarian
Endo/ectoparasites,
hermaphrodites (have ovary and penis)
Protruded pharynx and mouth right next to it
Reproductive/digestive systems
Planarian (cut in half get two worms)
What is included in phylum mollusca
Three main body components:
Foot, mantle, visceral mass (where they keep gut)
4 types of mollusca:
Chitons
Bivalves
Gastropods
Cephalopods (have radula that shreds food)
What is special about the mantle in phylum mollusca
Secretes a shell (mantle) that’s made of CaCO3
What is diff about chitons
Only mollusca with multiple parts of the shell
Exclusively marine
What is diff about bivalves
Fresh water
Two valves for filter feeding
What is diff about Gastropods
Only group in mollusca that’s terrestrial
Has radula
What is diff about cephalopods
Exclusively marine
Some soft shell some coil hard shelled
The coiled shell had chambers and each chamber is the size of the shells at a certain time of life
What is included in phylum annelida
Segmented worms:
Earth worms
Marine worms
Leeches
All lophotrocozoans and protostomes
Trocaphor larvae
What phylum is included in the protostome ecdysozoans
Nematoda
Arthropoda (largest animal phylum)
What do nematoda feed on
Decaying organic matter,
Or They Parasitize plants or animals
What is the meaning of nemata in nematodes
Thread
“Thread worms”
What are nematodes and characteristics
Roundworms, unsegmented, parasitic
They are pseudoceolomate (no mesoderm lining the gut)
Ubiquitous (can grow anywhere)
Second largest animal phylum
What are characteristics of the Arthropoda phylum
Exoskeleton (cuticle to shed through ecdysis)
Segmented body
Jointed legs (have joints)
Ex. grasshopper
What phylum’s are included in the deuterostomes give examples
Echinodermata (sea stars, sand dollars
Hemichordata (acorn worms)
Chordata
What are characteristics of echinodermata
Larvae is bilaterally symmetrical
Pentaradiate symmetry as adults (five points) its a version of radial symmetry
Have tube feet and water vascular system
Hydrostatic skeleton
What is a water vasular system
Can change water pressure which makes tube feet move
What is the phylum hemichrodata
Pharyngeal gill slits (gills to expel water behind mouth)
Dorsal nerve chord
Stomochord (doesn’t run all the way through body, stiffens body) HENCE HEMICHORDATE
Sessile filter feeding
What 4 characteristics do phylum chordata have
Have notochord
Have dorsal hollow nerve chord
Pharyngeal gill slits
Segment muscles and postanal tail
Can chordate from without notochord
No
What are the three sub phyla of the chordates
Urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata
What is the cephalochordata characteristics and example of one
Notochord goes to the tip of the head
Most basal lineage of chordates
Ex. Lancelet
What is urochodata characteristics
Look very different as adults (change through life stages)
Sessile as adults (filterfeeding)
Adults have heart and gut at the base
