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Bio 371 > Theme Two rest Of Phylums > Flashcards

Theme Two rest Of Phylums Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are protostomes further divided into

And what are their characteristics

A

Lophotrochazoans:
have trochophore larvae and lophophore feeding structure

Ecdysozoans:
Have external cuticale which it shed to frown
(Ecdysis)

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2
Q

What type of circulatory and nervous system do protostomes have?

Deuterostomes?

A

Protostomes:
Ventral nervous system
Dorsal circulatory system

Deuterostomes:
Dorsal nervous system
Ventral circulatory system

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3
Q

What are some other cues to the taxonomy of protostomes and deuterostomes

A

Body segmentation (found in chordates (us), arthropods, earthworms leeches)

Molecular evidence (dna and protiens)

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4
Q

What does the phylum porifera have

A

Sponges

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5
Q

What are characteristics of phylum porifera

A

Assymetrical
Parazoans: no true tissues they reform after being cut up
Not diplo or triploblasts
Sessile as adults motile when young
No nerves, filter feeders

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6
Q

How to sponges filter feed

A

Suck in water through pores at the base

A choanocyte dissolves the food particle and then the water is shot out through top

Very similar to chaonoflagellates

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7
Q

What is phylum Ctenophora

A

Comb jellies

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8
Q

What characteristics does phylum Ctenophora have

A

Diploblastic (biradial symmetry)
Gelatinous body
Combs that are actually plates of fused cilia that project outward
Combs are used to move

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9
Q

What is included in phylum Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish
sea anemones
coral
hydra

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10
Q

What characteristics are in phylum Cnidaria

A

They have radial symmetry
Diploblastic (no mesoderm)
Their life cycles include both polyp and Medusa stages

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11
Q

What is the polyp life stage of Cnidaria

A

The mostly sessile stage
The moth is facing the top

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12
Q

What is the Medusa life stage of Cnidaria

A

Mobile stage (they move)
Mouth facing down

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13
Q

What is a shared derived character of capture prey Cnidaria to capture prey

How do they work

A

Cnidocytes and nematocysts

The nematocyst is a spine (spike) that shoots out when touched then grabs prey. This whole thing is called a cnidocyte (the nematocyst is attached to it)

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14
Q

What are siphonophores

A

Colonial cnidarians that a modified for diff functions

Ex. Portuguese man o war jellyfish

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15
Q

What is phylum rotifera, what does it include

A

It’s a sister group in lophatrocozoa

Is has a spiky mouth (corona) which moves water to bring particle to its mouth.
Has excretory system and anus

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16
Q

What phylum are in lophotrochozoa which are all protsostomes

A

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Mollusca
Annelida (segmented worms)

17
Q

What organisms and charcteristics included in phylum platyhelminths

A

Tapeworm
Turbellarian

Endo/ectoparasites,
hermaphrodites (have ovary and penis)
Protruded pharynx and mouth right next to it
Reproductive/digestive systems
Planarian (cut in half get two worms)

18
Q

What is included in phylum mollusca

A

Three main body components:
Foot, mantle, visceral mass (where they keep gut)

4 types of mollusca:
Chitons
Bivalves
Gastropods
Cephalopods (have radula that shreds food)

19
Q

What is special about the mantle in phylum mollusca

A

Secretes a shell (mantle) that’s made of CaCO3

20
Q

What is diff about chitons

A

Only mollusca with multiple parts of the shell
Exclusively marine

21
Q

What is diff about bivalves

A

Fresh water
Two valves for filter feeding

22
Q

What is diff about Gastropods

A

Only group in mollusca that’s terrestrial
Has radula

23
Q

What is diff about cephalopods

A

Exclusively marine
Some soft shell some coil hard shelled
The coiled shell had chambers and each chamber is the size of the shells at a certain time of life

24
Q

What is included in phylum annelida

A

Segmented worms:
Earth worms
Marine worms
Leeches

All lophotrocozoans and protostomes
Trocaphor larvae

25
Q

What phylum is included in the protostome ecdysozoans

A

Nematoda
Arthropoda (largest animal phylum)

26
Q

What do nematoda feed on

A

Decaying organic matter,
Or They Parasitize plants or animals

27
Q

What is the meaning of nemata in nematodes

A

Thread

“Thread worms”

28
Q

What are nematodes and characteristics

A

Roundworms, unsegmented, parasitic
They are pseudoceolomate (no mesoderm lining the gut)
Ubiquitous (can grow anywhere)
Second largest animal phylum

29
Q

What are characteristics of the Arthropoda phylum

A

Exoskeleton (cuticle to shed through ecdysis)
Segmented body
Jointed legs (have joints)

Ex. grasshopper

30
Q

What phylum’s are included in the deuterostomes give examples

A

Echinodermata (sea stars, sand dollars
Hemichordata (acorn worms)
Chordata

31
Q

What are characteristics of echinodermata

A

Larvae is bilaterally symmetrical

Pentaradiate symmetry as adults (five points) its a version of radial symmetry

Have tube feet and water vascular system

Hydrostatic skeleton

32
Q

What is a water vasular system

A

Can change water pressure which makes tube feet move

33
Q

What is the phylum hemichrodata

A

Pharyngeal gill slits (gills to expel water behind mouth)
Dorsal nerve chord
Stomochord (doesn’t run all the way through body, stiffens body) HENCE HEMICHORDATE
Sessile filter feeding

34
Q

What 4 characteristics do phylum chordata have

A

Have notochord
Have dorsal hollow nerve chord
Pharyngeal gill slits
Segment muscles and postanal tail

35
Q

Can chordate from without notochord

A

No

36
Q

What are the three sub phyla of the chordates

A

Urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata

37
Q

What is the cephalochordata characteristics and example of one

A

Notochord goes to the tip of the head
Most basal lineage of chordates
Ex. Lancelet

38
Q

What is urochodata characteristics

A

Look very different as adults (change through life stages)
Sessile as adults (filterfeeding)
Adults have heart and gut at the base

Bio 371 (8 decks)

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