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Bio 371 > Theme 2 Phylum Clasification > Flashcards

Theme 2 Phylum Clasification Flashcards

1
Q

How are organisms classified (by what characteristics)

A

Genetics
Morphology
Physiology
Behaviour
Heritable traits

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2
Q

What is a clade

A

A monophyletic group made of a taxa with a unique common ancestor

They are share synapomorphies

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3
Q

What is a synapomorphy

A

Shared derived characters

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4
Q

What is a taxa

A

A level in a systematic heirachy

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5
Q

What is the order of linens classification

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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6
Q

What did the ancestral colonial protist in animal phylogeny split into

A

Basal phyla and bilaterians

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7
Q

What organisms are included in the basal phyla

A

Ctenophores
Sponges
Placozoans
Cnidarians

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8
Q

What is included in the bilaterians group

A

Acoela, protostomes, deuterostomes

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9
Q

What is included in deuterostomes

A

Ambulacra (sea urchins, sea stars)
Chordates

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10
Q

What is included in protosomes

A

Lophotrochozoans
Ecdysozoans

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11
Q

What does bilaterians mean

A

Bilateral symmetry

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12
Q

What do ctenophores, placozoans and cnidarian have in common

A

They have radial symmetry, and are diploblastic (have 2 germ layers ecto and endoderm)

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13
Q

What is the blastopore in protostomes

A

The mouth

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14
Q

What is the blastopore in deuterostomes

A

Anus

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15
Q

What are protostomes and deuterostomes (in terms of blastics)

A

Triploblastic (three germ layers)

Endo meso and ectoderm

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16
Q

Organisms that a diploblastics have what king of symmetry

A

Radial

17
Q

What is radial symmetry

A

They can be any which way and stil look the same

18
Q

What type of symmetry do triploblastic things have

A

Bilateral ( only symmetric if cut through middle)

19
Q

What is cephalization

A

One end of the organism is emphasized (head)

20
Q

What are hox genes

A

The central programming, they call specific genes (turn on) for specific traits and that contributes to creating the body plan

21
Q

What are hox mutants

A

When the hox genes turn the wrong gene on in the wrong spot, leading to abnormal body plan

Fly has a leg where antennae is

22
Q

What is the coelem

A

The body cavity, empty space between the organs

23
Q

Do acoela have coeloms

A

No the are acoelamate

24
Q

What is psudocoelomate
What organisms are like this

A

The Coelom (cavity enclosing the gut) if surrounded my mesoderm on the outer side
Or
Endoderm and Coelom touch each other

Most protostomes

25
Q

What is coelomate

A

The coelom is not tounching endoderm,

Mesodermal surrounds it on both sides

26
Q

How do protostomes develop after becoming a zygote

A

They are a four cell embryo then become eight cell through spiral cleavage (top four cell are not lined up with bottom four)

27
Q

How do deuterostomes develop after becoming a zygote

A

First four cell embryo then become eight cell through radial cleavage (top and bottom are lined up)

28
Q

How are the mesoderm and coelom formed in protostomes

A

Once the blastopore is made, the mesoderm encases the coelom on both sides of the blastopore. The coelom is now called schizocoelom

29
Q

How are the mesoderm and coelom formed in deuterostomes

A

Once the blastopore is made, the mesoderm cells form two points (cat ears) on the top of the blastopore. The coelom is in the spaces of those cat ears

Called enterocoelom

30
Q

What is the archenteron

A

The endoderm space in the blastopore

31
Q

How do the moth and anus form in deuterostomes and protostomes

A

In protostomes, the blastopore turns into The mouth then the anus formed later

In deuterostomes The anus forms first and the mouth forms after.

They end up with the shape shape, just inverted

32
Q

What are the diff between protostomes and deuterostomes

A

Protostomes:
determinate cleavage (if you took a cell from one part of its embryo it wouldn’t form a new embryo)
Ventral nerve cord the surround digestive tracts anteriorly

Deuterostomes:
Indeterminate cleavage
Dorsal nerve cord, does not surround digestive tract

Bio 371 (8 decks)

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