Adaptation Of Land Plant Theme 3

Question 1

How did true colonization on land begin

Answer 1

With fungi
Then early embryophytes
Then animals (arthropods first)

Question 2

What was the very first organism to come on land, when

Answer 2

Tetrapods

360-389 mya

Question 3

When did seed plants arise

Answer 3

300mya

Question 4

What we’re the challenges of living on land

Answer 4

Dessicsation (needed protection from drying out

Respiration: in water was easier to breathe, now have to make new structures to breather (stomata, lungs)

Reproduction: need to evolve to reproduce under dessicating cond (Ex evolution of amniotes)

Locomotion: needed to defy gravity (Ex for plants second cell wall, vasculature)

Senses: needed to adapt to changes in light, smell, sound which were diff in water

Question 5

What was the order of plants coming to land

Answer 5

Algal mats first came and lived on water edge for a long time

Bryophyte then fully went on land first

Then arthropods came because of jointed appendages (in the Silurian period)

Question 6

Why is plants inhabiting land an important milestone

Answer 6

They produce many materials (food timber, drugs, oxygen) that lets other life survive on land

Question 7

What is the order of the plant lineage

Answer 7

Green plants
Non vas (475mya
Seedless Vas (420mya
Seed vas 300mya)

Question 8

What did plants develop to survive on land

Answer 8

Waxy cuticles (prevent drying out)
Stomata (pores to control gas exchange and water loss)
Vascular tissue (cells for water transport and structure support)
Root system (absorbing water and mineral)

Question 9

Can algae survive without water

Answer 9

No it’s lethal

Question 10

What is the cuticle

Answer 10

Waxy layer that shifts out to top layer above epidermal cell

Epidermal cell makes the waxy top layer

Question 11

What are stomata, how do they work

Answer 11

The lungs of the plant, Pores that allow gas exchange,

found in non vascular plants

The pores open and close by guard cells become turgid (open). Or flaccid (close)

Question 12

What are trachieds in fern and conifers (seedless vascular and gymnosperms)

Answer 12

They die after maturity
Closely pack long cells

Question 13

What are vessels in flowering plants (angiosperm)

Answer 13

Shorter and weirder than trachieds
More efficient water transfer

Question 14

What roots do algae have

Answer 14

Holdfasts

Like rhizoids, they only anchor the algae to stuff

Question 15

Do nonvascular plant have stomata

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

How did alternation of generation on the algal ancestors of land plants happen

Answer 16

Had a long gametophyte (haploid) phase
Zygote (2n) underwent meiosis to make spores (n)
The spore made gametophytes (n) which made gametes (n)

The zygote was the only diploid stage

Question 17

Which plant organism has a free living zygote

Answer 17

Just algae all the rest have zygote attaché to female gametophyte

Question 18

As the plants go from algae to angiosperms, what is the trend of the length in gametophyte generation

Answer 18

Long to short

Question 19

As the plants go from algae to angiosperms, what is the trend of the need to water

Answer 19

High to low

Question 20

As the plants go from algae to angiosperms, what is the trend of the length in sporophyte (2n) generation

Answer 20

Short to long

Question 21

As the plants go from algae to angiosperms, what is the trend of the
size of gametophyte generation

Answer 21

Large to small

Question 22

As the plants go from algae to angiosperms, what is the trend of the
size of sporophyte (2n)generation

Answer 22

Small to large

Question 23

As the plants go from algae to angiosperms, what is the trend of the
Protection of zygote/embryo (2n)

Answer 23

Low to high

Question 24

Starting from bryophytes
Who had cuticle
Who had stomata
Who had vasculature
Who had lignin
Who had root stem leaves
Who had dom sporophyte (2n) phase
Who had not motile sperm (pollen)
Who had seeds

Answer 24

All
All
Ferns, gymno,angio
Ferns, gymno,angio
Ferns, gymno,angio
Ferns, gymno,angio
Gymno, angio
Gymno, angio