Theme 2 Opistokonts Flashcards
What is monophyletic taxon
The ancestor and all of its descendants
Paraphyletic taxon
Ancestor but not all of its descendants
Polyphyletic taxon
Members of diff lineages.
Not related by close common ancestor
What does the phylum opistokonta include
Animals, fungi, and Choanoflagellates
It has the most diversity
What do opistokont animals have
They’re multicellular eukaryote
Chemoheterotrophic (uses chemical NRG from outside source)
No cell walls
Alway motile at some life stage
Get atp though oxidative phosphorylation
Diploid is dominant stage
What are the three diagnostic characteristics found in opistokont animals
Develop from a blastula
Certain extracellular matrix molecules (protiens surrounding the cells) (e.g. the proteoglycan collagen)
Cell-cell membrane junctions:
Tight/Septate junctions
Anchoring junctions
Gap junctions
What is a blastula
Hollow sphere of multiple cells that is formed via mitosis
What is the hypothesized evolution of animals
The animal descended from an ancestral colonial chaonoflagellate
Each of its cells adhereded together and formed the blastula
The certain cells became specialized for feeding and migrated to centre of the ball
This migration formed the digestive cavity (zygote)
What is a tight junction
Formed between adjacent cells on outside of membrane
Doesn’t let anything leak between cells
What is a gap junction
Array of protiens that allows small molecules and ions to get through
What are characteristic of plants (archaeplastida) in the plantae phylum
Multicellular eukaryotes
Photo autotrophic (fix inorganic carbon by using light NRG)
Have cell walls
Are sessile (don’t move)
Alternation of generation (haploid alternates with diploid stage) both stages are multicellular
Did plants and animals become multicellular independently or dependently
Independently
How are opistokont diff from plantae
Plantae have cell wall, vacuol, and chloroplast
Plants are photo autotrophic and have cell walls and opistokonts are chemoheterotrophic
Plants are not mobile (don’t need to move to get NRG)
Can animals (opistokonts) be photosynthetic
Yes, they can take on endosymbionts that are autotrophic
What are some ways plants can move
Grown laterally up and down
Grow towards light
Move in response to stimuli
Disperse seed/pollen
