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t&p > theme d- religion, peace and conflict > Flashcards

theme d- religion, peace and conflict Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Christian view of peace?

A

the absence of war
feeling of happiness, wellbeing and tranquility

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2
Q

what is the Muslim view of peace?

A

emphasis on peace in the Qur’an- “salam”
“salam- alaikum”- peace

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3
Q

what is the Christian view on justice?

A

God will establish justice between nations and settle their disputes
linked with equality
can link to unjust and resentment

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4
Q

what is the Muslim on justice?

A

“just” is one of the 99 names of Allah
Muslims believe God has provided the laws because they bring justice on Earth

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5
Q

what is the Christian view on forgiveness?

A

important for living peacefully
once the wrong is righted forgiveness should follow
believe that God sets the example regarding forgiveness

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6
Q

what is the Muslim view of forgiveness?

A

an important element in living peacefully
Muslims believe God sets the example regarding forgiveness to those who are truly sorry

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7
Q

what is the Christian view of reconciliation?

A

Quakers believe we should use reconciliation as tools from preventing conflict from happening
conscious effort to rebuild a relationship

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8
Q

what is the Muslim view of reconciliation?

A

making up after conflict requires more than just words
involves a conscious effort to rebuild a relationship

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9
Q

what is war?

A

fighting between nations to resolve issues between them

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10
Q

what is peace?

A

an absence of conflict, which leads to happiness and harmony

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11
Q

what is justice?

A

bringing about what is right and fair- according to the law

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12
Q

what is forgiveness?

A

showing grace and mercy and pardoning someone for doing

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13
Q

what is reconciliation?

A

when individuals or groups restore friendly relations after conflict

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14
Q

what is protest?

A

an expression of disapproval often in a public group

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15
Q

what is violence?

A

using actions that threaten or harm others

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16
Q

what is terrorism?

A

the unlawful act of violence to achieve a political goal

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17
Q

what is greed?

A

selfish desire for something

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18
Q

what is retaliation?

A

deliberately harming someone as a response to them harming you

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19
Q

what are nuclear weapons?

A

weapons that work by a nuclear reaction

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20
Q

what are weapons of mass destruction?

A

weapons that can kill large numbers of people and create great damage

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21
Q

what are chemical weapons?

A

weapons that use chemicals to poison, burn or paralyse humans and destroy the natural environment

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22
Q

what are biological weapons?

A

weapons that have living organisms or infective material that can lead to disease or death

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23
Q

what is just war?

A

a war which meets internationally accepted criteria- follows traditional Christian rules for a just war

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24
Q

what is holy war?

A

fighting for a religious cause or God- probably controlled by a religious leader

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25
Q

what is pacifism?

A

the belief of people who refuse to take part in war and other forms of violence

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26
Q

what is a peacemaker?

A

a person who works to establish peace in the world or a certain part of it

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27
Q

explain why peaceful protest can be justified in contemporary British society?

A

it is considered to be a fundamental democratic freedom and the law in the UK allows people to protest to show their perspective

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28
Q

what could you argue war achieves?

A

can defend a nation under attack
can act as a deterrent to prevent global harm
can reclaim land and resources that have been wrongfully taken from a country

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29
Q

what are the consequences of war?

A

more civilians have died than troops in the last 100 years
destruction of property and infrastructure- difficult to re-establish itself
for civilians and soldiers- can have a long-lasting impact on mental heath- PTSD

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30
Q

what are some different attitudes to war?

A

humans are naturally aggressive- war is inevitable
humans are greedy- fighting over resources, land etc

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31
Q

what are some reasons for going to war?

A

way to gain more land/ territory
fighting can be seen as self defence
wars are sometimes fought in retaliation

32
Q

what does the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament want to do?

A

get rid of nuclear weapons- they campaign for governments to destroy nuclear weapons

33
Q

what is nuclear deterrence?

A

holding nuclear weapons so that other countries can’t use them on you

34
Q

what is unilaterism?

A

belief that a country should disband its nuclear capabilities regardless of whether other countries do the same

35
Q

what would Muslims believe about using Nuclear Weapons?

A

life is sacred and using weapons that could kill lots of people goes against the teachings of Islam

36
Q

what would Christians believe about using Nuclear Weapons?

A

Fundamental Christians believe that only God has the authority to end the life that He created
some Christians believe that nuclear weapons which would kill huge numbers of innocent civilians can never be justified

37
Q

what do CCND want?

A

support to achieve the Abolition 2000 campaign-aims to achieve for the 21st century a signed agreement committing the world to the permanent elimination of nuclear weapons according to a fixed timetable

38
Q

what are Christian views towards Weapons of Mass Destruction?

A

is counter to the teachings of Jesus- who was a Pacifist so therefore wrong

39
Q

what are Muslim views towards Biological Weapons?

A

doesn’t justify the use of nuclear weapons/ weapons of mass destruction because by harming innocent civilians/ children, it breaches the limits of warfare

40
Q

are nuclear weapons/ WMD’s ever justified? (yes)

A

they can stop wars
they can prevent wars from happening
they can act as a threat/ deterrent

41
Q

are nuclear weapons/ WMD’s ever justified? (no)

A

its inhumane
can cause too many deaths/ destruction
can destroy nature- long term damage to the environment
can affect communications and water supplies

42
Q

who invented the principles of Just War?

A

Thomas Aquinas

43
Q

how many principles make a war Just?

A

7

44
Q

Just war: cause?

A

a country has a right to defend itself from attack (war must have a just cause)

45
Q

Just war: authority?

A

it is being fought by the authority of the United Nations (or a legitimate authority)

46
Q

Just war: last resort?

A

the war is being fought as a last resort

47
Q

Just war: intention?

A

it is being fought with the intention of restoring peace

48
Q

Just war: proportional?

A

the force used must be proportional to the cause

49
Q

Just war: outweigh?

A

the methods used must avoid killing civilians

50
Q

Just war: success?

A

there has to be a reasonable chance of success on both sides

51
Q

what is Lesser Jihad?

A

the outward struggle to defend one’s faith, family and country from threat

52
Q

what is Greater Jihad?

A

the outward struggle to defend your faith, family and country from threat

53
Q

what is the Ummah?

A

the worldwide community for Islam

54
Q

when do Muslims believe war is allowed?

A

last resort
self defence
the decision has to be made by the state leader
Islamic Country- countries are allowed to assist another Muslim state under threat
Just Cause- not gaining territory, protect territory from aggressors or rebel groups
Tyranny- another state has mistreated its Islamic citizens- it is allowed to fight to support other Muslims

55
Q

what are some Muslim attitudes to Conduct in war?

A

children, women and old men must not be killed
animals must only be killed for food
soldiers must be of sound mind and body

56
Q

why is a Holy War fought?

A

for religious reasons, sometimes to spread a faith and sometimes to defend it

57
Q

what is a Holy War?

A

fighting for a religious cause or God- probably controlled by a religious leader

58
Q

what would historical Christian views be about Holy War?

A

Holy wars were fought and justified

59
Q

what would Contemporary Christian views be about Holy War?

A

Holy wars should not be fought

60
Q

what do Christians think about people fighting in Holy Wars?

A

those who die will go straight to Heaven and those who take part will gain spiritual rewards

61
Q

what do Christians think about Holy Wars?

A

has to be authorised by a religious leader with great authority

62
Q

what do Christians think the purpose of Holy Wars should be?

A

purpose should be to defend Christian faith from attack

63
Q

what do Muslims think the reason for Holy War is?

A

Islam must be under threat
Holy war is the last resort/ self defence

64
Q

what makes Holy War important to Muslims?

A

Lesser Jihad

65
Q

what is a Principled Pacifist?

A

believes war and violence is wrong in principle
they will never get involved with any campaign involving violence
often motivated by religious background e.g. Quakers

66
Q

what is a Pragmatic Pacifist?

A

NOT opposed to war and violence in principle
But will often argue that wars do not solve problems and do more harm than good
believe peaceful campaigns are a better way of solving disputes e.g. Ghandi’s campaign for Indian independence

67
Q

what is a Selective Pacifist?

A

not opposed to all wars but oppose any particular war which they believe to be wrong e.g. Vietnam War

68
Q

what is a Conscientious Objector?

A

someone who refuses to fight when they are called upon to do so

69
Q

what is the Muslim Peace Fellowship?

A

devoted to non- violence in Islam- pacifism

70
Q

how might Muslims respond to victims of war?

A

pray for victims of war, give to charity (Zakat)

71
Q

what does the Good Samaritan show?

A

showing practical care for someone in need
Jews and Samaritans did not like eachother

72
Q

what is Caritas?

A

a Catholic organisation that serves the poor and provides charity and justice

73
Q

what is an example of Caritas helping?

A

2015- provided food and shelter for Syrian refugees
also provided translations and legal services for the refugees

74
Q

what is Christian Aid’s slogan?

A

“we believe in life before death”

75
Q

what does Christian Aid attempt to do?

A

aid to end poverty
eliminate the causes of poverty- establish basic human rights and fairness in society
raise awareness of refugees

76
Q

what is Muslim Aid?

A

a British charity
compassion, empathy, generosity and helping those in need

77
Q

what is an example of Muslim Aid helping?

A

Autumn 2014- Beity orphanage in Turkey to give a home to 75 young children
parents had been killed in conflict- fed and clothed the kids, provided beds and education

t&p (17 decks)

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