Theme 3 knowledge organiser Flashcards
estates worth over … subject to … tax, tax on incomes over … rose from .. in … to … in …
£2mil
40%
£2,500
2%
1914
25%
1925
gentry sold off … all land in England …, by … … gentry landless & by … …
almost 1/4
1918-20
1937
1/3
1951
over half
ROPA & growth of Lab = wealthy landowners … MPs in …, … by …
40%
1910
5%
1945
Parliament Act … decreased power HofL
1910
Country Houses Scheme … allowed aristocratic families rent-free if transferred ownership to Nat Trust
1937
Macmillan’s cabinet contained … Old Etonians
40
commercial & financial sectors in London grew by … 1920s
34%
growth of salaried jobs in management/admin - … 1931 to … …
700,000
1.25mil
1951
expansion of women’s jobs in admin/clerking - … 1911 to … …
170,000
1.4mil
1951
Butler Education Act …
1944
1939 … mc homeowners compared to … wc
60%
20%
Geddes Axe -> shortfall … homes
800,000
post-war satire & ‘new wave’ … … …
‘Beyond the Fringe’ episode ‘The Aftermyth of War’ criticised war efforts
‘That Was the Week That Was’, David Frost
‘Saturday Night Sunday Morning’, Alan Sillitoe
Profumo Affair … = … shared sexual partner .. with member of Soviet embassy …, on front page …
1963
Min of War John Profumo
19 year old Christine Keeler
Yevgeny Ivanov
Mirror, News of the World, Daily Express, Daily Mail
Obscene Publications Act …
1959
Theatre Act … -> Emmanuelle …
1968
1977
Sexual Offences Act … legalised homosexuality in private between 2 males over age …
1967
21
research in 60s by … = … public disapproved homosexuality & wanted treated more harshly
Michael Schofield
85%
Abortion Act … legalised up to … gestation
1967
28 weeks
1967 … legal abortions carried out, … by …
27,000
140,000
1980
by 80s … public believed access to abortion should be woman’s right
80%
‘Sexual Behaviour in the Human Female’ … by …
1953
Kinsey
Divorce Reform Act … allowed no fault divorce
1969
Family Planning Act … = free contraception & sexual health advice
1974
contraceptive pill … -> … using by … (introduced for married women only in 1961)
1967
over 1mil
1970
first gay pride march … with … marchers
1971
1,000
‘The Sexual Behaviour of Young People’ … by …= promiscuity in teens limited, in stable relationships
1969 & 71
Schofield
Gorer marriage rate??
ROPA … enfranchised women over … if … = women now … electorate
1918
30
married, property owner or uni graduate
43%
(1918-45) female MPs never rose above …, peaked at … in …
5%
15%
1931
1914-18 women in industry??
Sex Disqualification Act … prevented barring women in law or civil service
1919
Matrimonial Causes Act … allowed divorce in cases couples separated … or marital rape
1937
3 years
in 30s average … divorce applications per year, … by …
4,800
38,000
1951
… ‘Hungry England’ enquiry set up by … = many women starving themselves to feed family -> many families reliant on poor relief that became means tested in …
1933
economist A. L. Bowley
1934
by 50s … women not content with lives at home & admitted feelings of boredom & frustration
60%
by 1979 num female MPs fell back to …
19
Wilson’s 60s cabinet … out of … ministers women
7
18
(60s & 70s) prominent female MPs e.g. … & …
Barbara Castle
Margaret Thatcher
by 1979 women only earned … man’s wage in many industries
60%
(60s & 70s) only … lawyers & doctors women
15%
Dagenham Ford Workers’ Strike = won … man’s wage
95%
Equal Pay Act … - … businesses circumvented claiming men & women did different work
1970
80%
Sex Discrimination Act …
1975
Employment Protection Act … = illegal to fire for being pregnant, introduced maternity pay
1975
… ‘consciousness-raising’ workshops founded in 70s
over 40
(60s & 70s) authors e.g. … & … articulated feminist ideas in their writing
Margaret Drabble
Angela Carter
… set up first rape crisis centre in London
Erin Pizzey
removal of marriage bar in civil service … & banking …
1947
1949
by late 70s … married women retained their jobs
50%
Alien Orders Act … & Special Restrictions Act …
1920
1925
… born in Jamaica, moved to Britain … & established medical practice, established … in …
Harold Moody
1904
League of Coloured People (LCP)
1931
… attempted anti-semitic march in London’s East End, local … & … organised demonstration of … -> Battle of Cable Street, abandoned march
B Union of Fascists (BUF)
Jewish People’s Council (JPC)
Communnist Party of GB
over 10,000
International African Service Bureau (IASB) established in … by Caribbean intellectuals … & … - established … newspaper encouraging people to lobby MPs for black rights
1937
C.L.R. James
George Padmore
‘International African Opinion’
… Nat Union of Seamen (NUS) tried to force Arab & Somali seamen out of jobs in … - … organised regional strikes against racist policy
1930
South Shields in South Tyneside
CPGB
British Empire central to WWII - … personnel
15mil
… …’s ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech advocated keeping B white, … public agreed
1968
Enoch Powell
75%
National Front had … members by …
over 20,000
1970
… gov repealed Special Restrictions Acts = easier for foreign workers to find work
1942
British Nationality Act …
1948
… Windrush = … West Indian passengers, by … … immigrants from New Commonwealth arriving each year
1948
492
1958
15,000
ghettoisation - …, …, …
St Ann’s in Nottingham
Toxeth in Liverpool
Brixton in London
Commonwealth Immigration Act … - short term increase in immigration
1962
Race Relations Acts … formally outlawed discrimination, colour bar, ‘inciting racial hatred’, created … & …
1965, 68 & 76
Communities Relations Commission (CRC)
Commission for Racial Equality (CRE)
Notting Hill Riots … - lasted weeks, mobs of up to …
1958
700
… BUF campaigned openly against immigration, attracted … vote
1959
8%
… National Front formed to oppose immigration, gained … members, won … vote in …
1967
over 20,000
8%
1970
… Commonwealth Act - designed to end large-scale immigration, needed job voucher
1962
… Commonwealth Immigration Act restricted immigration from …
1968
India, Pakistan, West Indies
B Black Panther Party formed in … by …
1969
Obi B. Egbuna
… formed Race Today Collective in …
Darcus Howe
1974
… Commonwealth Immigration Act - introduced 12 month permits
1976
