Thatcher social divisions Flashcards
… ‘New Cross Fire’ = … black teenagers killed -> ‘Black People’s Day of Action’ organised by …, … marched through London, police didn’t investigate potential arson
1981
13
Darcus Howe
20,000
… Brixton riots -> within few months rioting in …
1981
Moss Side, Manchester
Toxteth, Liverpool
Hyson Green, Liverpool
rioting -> …
‘Scarman Inquiry’
Section … of … = sex education should promote ‘the value of family life’
46
Education Act (1986)
Section … of … = outlawed teaching acceptability homosexuality & publishing material promoting homosexuality
28
Local Gov Act (1988)
actors e.g. … & activists e.g. … formed Stonewall …
Ian McKellen
Peter Tatchell
1989
AIDS crisis emerged … -> … survey = … B. felt homosexuality ‘always or mostly wrong’
1981
1987
3/4
only one woman in cabinet = …
Linda Chalker, Min for Overseas Development
‘Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp’ = … women, T. ordered eviction by police in …
1,000s
1984
… bottom 10% earners paid … less in income tax than .. but top 10% … less
1989
£400mil
1979
£9.3bn
… top 10% earners received … all post-tax income -> … …
1979
25%
35.2%
1997
… to … richest 10% … inc in total income, poorest 10% … reduction
1979
1992
61%
18%
Supplementary Benefit reduced from … average earning … to … …
61%
1979
53%
1997
by … widest gap between rich & poor since records began
1991
pensioners below poverty line inc … to … by …
13%
43%
1997
… … men in former coalfields unemp, … in …
2001
1 in 5
1 in 10
1981
some areas e.g. .. & … able to ‘bounce back’ in 1990s
Yorkshire
Warwickshire
… … unemp in Wales -> … …
1979
73,000
166,000
1986
across Wales … mining workforce lost job during T.’s time in office
90%
NHS spending in Wales … … -> … …
just over £500mil
1979
over £1.5bn
1990
Wales GDP per person inc … to … …
£7,000
over £20,000
1979-90
Wales: school leavers seeking further education/training inc … to … by …
20%
47%
1991
throughout … T. built up coal reserves
1984
head of Nat Coal Board … announced plans cut subsidies to … & close … pits, … claimed real plans = close …
Ian MacGregor
B Coal Corporation
20
Arthur Scargill
over 70
Miners’ Strike began …, another union … didn’t strike
May 1984
NACODS
Battle of Orgreave = … miners & … police in Yorkshire -> … miners seriously injured & … arrested
over 5,000
over 5,000
100
dozens
(strike) new … formed, all returned to work …
Union of Democratic Mineworkers (UDMW)
early 1985
(strike) T.’s personal approval never below …
79%
NUM called off …
Mar 1985
… to … NUM lost … members, total trade union membership fell … while T in office
1985
1990
84%
40%
days lost to strike action fell … … to … …
10.5mil
1980-84
0.8mil
1990-94
Employment Acts … weakened unions further, gave members legal protection if wished cross picket/defy union
1988, 89 & 90
defeat Miners’ Strike -> T mandate for rationalisation = … … pits (out of …) closed
1985-90
94
170
