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A-level History - Britain 1918-97 > Theme 1 knowledge organiser > Flashcards

Theme 1 knowledge organiser Flashcards

1
Q

Asquith’s vote of no confidence against … in … (didn’t work)

A

Lloyd George
Feb 1918

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2
Q

in … at … Labour leader … resigned from DLG cabinet (wanted to reform Labour)

A

1917
Stockholm conference
Arthur Henderson

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3
Q

… Election … Labour Party polled … of the popular vote

A

Coupon
1918
22.2%

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4
Q

new Lab. constitution in …

A

1918

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5
Q

1918 election Liberals got … of votes & … seat compared to Con. …

A

13.5%
133
32.6%

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6
Q

DLG ‘cash for honours’ scandal … - sold … knighthoods & … peerages

A

1922
1,500
over 100

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7
Q

Chanak Crisis … - sent troops to … border

A

1922
Greek-Turkish

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8
Q

Representation of the People Act … -> … of the electorate were women (property), … wc

A

1918
43%
80%

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9
Q

1918 election Labour’s share of vote rose from … to … = by … Lab largest party in parliament with … of popular vote

A

7%
22%
1929
37%

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10
Q

1923 election Lib. = .. of votes & .. of seats, Lab, … of votes & … of seats

A

29.6%
25%
30.5%
30%

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11
Q

Labour … successful in attaining voters by increasing … & attracted mc voters due to …

A

Macdonald
unemp. benefits, housing & education
moderate econ. policies

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12
Q

Con. Party employed … full-time agents (by 1931) & by … women’s branches of the party had … members

A

450
1930
over 1mil

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13
Q

Con. Party supported by press & newspapers e.g. …, … demonised Lab. Party as …

A

The Times
Punch magazine
communists & Marxists

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14
Q

Con. Party = … of the vote by 1929, following ROPA 1918 estimated … wc voters opted to support

A

38%
1.6mil

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15
Q

… = ex-director of … & prominent economic theorist = believed gov. should raise capital & invest in econ. to maintain high employment

A

John Maynard Keynes
Bank of England

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16
Q

Beveridge Report … recommended state-funded system of welfare to tackle ‘five giants’ … = had … approval rating amongst public & sold … copies

A

1942
want, disease, ignorance, squalor & idleness
95%
600,000

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17
Q

Lab. Party proposed creation of NHS in … manifesto

A

1945

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18
Q

1945 poll = … of respondents identified housing as central issue

A

41%

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19
Q

(1945) …’s election slogan in … = …

A

James Callaghan
Cardiff
‘we built the Spitfire, now we can build houses’

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20
Q

1945 Con. weaknesses: failed to build …, associated with failure to resolve depression …, … tarnished by attempts to appease Hitler

A

‘homes fit for heroes’
‘hungry thirties’
Neville Chamberlain & the ‘guilty men’

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21
Q

David Lloyd George (…) …

A

Liberal
1916-22

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22
Q

Andrew Bonar Law (…) …

A

Conservative
1922-23

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23
Q

Stanley Baldwin (…) … … …

A

Conservative
1923-24
1924-29
1935-37

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24
Q

James Ramsey MacDonald (…) … …

A

Labour
1924
1929-35

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25
Q

Neville Chamberlain (…) …

A

Conservative
1937-40

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26
Q

Winston Churchill (…) … …

A

Conservative
1940-45
1951-55

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27
Q

Anthony Eden (…) …

A

Conservative
1955-57

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28
Q

Harold Macmillan (…) …

A

Conservative
1957-63

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29
Q

Alec Douglas-Home (…) …

A

Conservative
1963-64

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30
Q

Harold Wilson (…) … …

A

Labour
1964-70
1974-76

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31
Q

Edward Heath (…) …

A

Conservative
1970-74

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32
Q

James Callaghan (…) …

A

Labour
1976-79

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33
Q

Attlee appointed union leaders to … gov. committees by …

A

60
1949

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34
Q

… - NEDDY … & NICKY … followed a policy of corporatism

A

Macmilan
National Development Council & Office
National Incomes Commission

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35
Q

Attlee - New Towns Act …

A

1946

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36
Q

Macmillan target of … houses per year

A

300,000

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37
Q

Keynesianism adopted by Attlee in …, consensus only properly challenged by … in … at …

A

1945
Heath
1970
‘Selsdon Park’ meeting

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38
Q

… … described Churchill’s econ. policies as Butskellism, combination of … & …

A

1954
The Economist
Con. Chancellor R. A. Butler
Lab. Shadow Chancellor Hugh Gaitskell

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39
Q

… … & other key members of treasury resigned in protest to Macmillan’s high welfare budget

A

1959
Chancellor Peter Thorneycroft

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40
Q

Second World War: … of all homes destroyed by Blitz, … in London

A

30%
60%

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41
Q

… of all soldiers deemed unfit for combat during WWII

A

40%

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42
Q

in Nat. Gov. Attlee = … & Bevin = …

A

Deputy PM
Minister of Labour

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43
Q

… & … = ‘One-Nation’ Tories

A

Eden
Macmillan

44
Q

Butler = Chancellor … to …, driving force behind many changes e.g. …

A

1951
1955
Education Act (1944)

45
Q

during WWI America’s banks had loaned Britain large sums of money = total debt of …

46
Q

(post-WWI) ‘speculative boom’ = new shares issued rose from … in … to … in …

A

£65mil
1918
£384mil
1920

47
Q

(post-WWI) poor investments in … due to foreign competition with … & …

A

shipyards, cotton mills & coal yards
USA
Japan

48
Q

(1920-21 recession) gov. cut spending by … & raised interest rates to …

49
Q

(1920-21 recession) Japan began to supply … with …

A

India & Asia
cotton & silk

50
Q

(1920-21 recession) unemp. rose to …, cost of living rose by …, hit … hardest

A

12%
25%
Wales & Tyneside

51
Q

… Lloyd George bought off workers in … industries with generous pay & working hours

A

1919
coal, rail & docking

52
Q

(1920-21 recession) creation of … working week led to … drop in working hours

A

48 hour
13%

53
Q

… working days lost to strikes in … & … in …

A

32mil
1919
84mil
1921

54
Q

by 1945 … had completed some form of war work, … conscripted to armed forces

A

4mil
5.5mil

55
Q

(WWII) cost of overseas military commitments … … to …

A

x5
1938
1946

56
Q

(WWII) debts of … to the USA, British exports had fallen by … by 1945

57
Q

(Labour managed economy) … loan for nationalisation of key industries meant unemp. never rose above …

A

£3.75bn
2%

58
Q

(Lab. post-war) nationalised coal …, Bank of England …, transport …, electricity & gas …, iron & steel …

A

1946
1946
1947
1947
1949

59
Q

(Lab. post-war) … meant inflation fell … to … by …

A

wage freezes, rationing & price controls
16%
9%
1951

60
Q

(Lab. post-war) … pound devalued … to …

A

1949
$4.03
$2.80

61
Q

(Lab. post-war pound devalued) British goods more attractive, industrial production rose by …, exports grew … by …, share of world trade rose … to …

A

30%
nearly 80%
1951
17%
20%

62
Q

1945 opinion polls … identified housing as issue

63
Q

(Lab. managed economy) investment in infrastructure only … compared to Germany … -> … aid from 1948 not used for long-term infrastructure/investment

A

9%
20%
£2.7bn

64
Q

(1945ish) Britain agreed with USA to increase defence spending from … to …, maintained peacetime standing army of …, continued role abroad in …, by … spending … of GDP on defence

A

£2.3bn
£4.7bn
1mil
Greece, Korea, Kenya & West Germany
1951
14%

65
Q

Churchill unemp. stayed low at …

66
Q

Macmillan … ‘giveaway budget’ -> consumer boom, inflation -> restrictive measures until … = … economics

A

1959
1964
‘stop-go’

67
Q

Macmillan: unemp. … in … but grew to … by …

A

383,000
1957
878,000
1964

68
Q

Macmillan: Japan … growth in … compared to Britain …

A

12%
1960
2.3%

69
Q

Macmillan: balance of payments crisis … by …

A

over £800mil
1964

70
Q

Macmillan: … loan from the International Monetary Fund in … added to debt

A

£714mil
April 1961

71
Q

Wilson created … to regulate pay settlements given to unions, Prices & Incomes Act … enforced wage freeze for …, in … wage increase only if output & productivity increasing -> unpopular, strike action

A

National Board on Prices & Incomes
1966
6 months
1967

72
Q

in … Wilson devalued pound … to … but British goods remained unattractive & industrial unrest persisted

A

1967
$2.80
$2.40

73
Q

Heath: by … inflation … & unemp. …

74
Q

Heath: … working days lost to strikes in … alone (year of the Miners’ Strike)

75
Q

Heath: international increase in price of oil in … = … to …

A

1973
$2 per barrel
$35 per barrel

76
Q

Wilson: inflation reached … in …

77
Q

Wilson: asked IMF for … loan in …, forced to make major cuts to expenditure -> unemp. more than doubled to … by …

A

$3bn
1976
1.4mil
1979

78
Q

Wilson: 5% wage increase cap in … led to wave of strikes in … = ‘Winter of Discontent’

A

1977
1978-79

79
Q

(early) trade union membership grew from … in … to … in …

A

4mil
1913
8mil
1918

80
Q

by 1910 British industrial exports = … of total world trade compared to … for Germany & … for the USA

81
Q

(1920s) while cotton & mining industry lost … of their workforce, new industries centred in … increased workforce: electrical appliances by …, construction industry by …, service & leisure industry by …

A

1/3
over 100%
33%
40%

82
Q

Railway Strike … by … & Miners’ Strike … by …

A

1919
National Union of Railwaymen (NUR)
1921
Miners’ Federation of Great Britain (MFGB)

83
Q

in … Lloyd George ended nationalisation of mines (ignoring the …) -> mining wages slashed by … on average & … in some parts of Wales

A

1919
Sankey Commission’s report
30%
49%

84
Q

in … tariffs introduced to suppress foreign imports -> retaliatory tariffs from Europe. Chancellor … returned pound to Gold Standard made British exports more expensive

A

1925
Winston Churchill

85
Q

WWII trade union membership increased from … in … to … in …

A

6.6mil
1940
7.8mil
1945

86
Q

WWII miners only paid …, factory workers paid …

A

£5/day
over £6

87
Q

South Wales alone … strikes 1939-44

88
Q

Nat. Gov. nationalised mines in …, … banned strikes

A

1940
Defence Regulation 58AA

89
Q

Ernest Bevin = General Secretary of …, made Minister for Labour & National Service in …

A

Transport & General Workers’ Union
1940

90
Q

by 1949 union leaders on … gov. committees

91
Q

Attlee repealed … that had reduced union power, … MPs directly sponsored by unions in 1945 election

A

Trades Dispute Act 1927
120

92
Q

(60s) by … … of all strike action called without prior approval of union leadership or TUC

93
Q

in 1964 … strikes involving … workers

A

2,251
1.1mil

94
Q

1971 NUM demanded … pay increase, rejected gov. counter offer of …, -> at peak, NUM had … miners picketing … separate sites

A

43%
8%
40,000
500

95
Q

throughout 60s … coal pits closed & … miners made redundant

A

400
420,000

96
Q

1971 inflation = …, … in 1972

A

over 10%
15%

97
Q

car industry employed … in 50s & 60s

A

over 500,000

98
Q

average pay for factory workers: 1950 …, 1960 …, 1970 …

A

£8.30
£16
£30

99
Q

by 1944 … of population involved in war work, including … women

100
Q

only … of doctors & lawyers women in 60s

101
Q

Equal Pay Act … voluntary until …, … employers claimed women & men did different work

A

1970
1975
80%

102
Q

Sex Discrimination Act …, Employment Protection Act …

103
Q

by 1979 women still paid … of average man’s wage

104
Q

Miners’ Strike … = abandoned by … & …, forced to accept deep pay cuts = wages … lower than in 1914

A

1921
National Union of Railwaymen (NUR)
National Transport Workers Federation (NTWF)
20%

105
Q

Samuel Commission … recommended … pay cut for miners & end to subsidies

106
Q

(General Strike 1926) published gov. newspaper …, volunteers in …, TUC could no longer fund after a week, when miners eventually returned to work slashed wages & … made unemp.

A

The British Gazette
the Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies
30%

A-level History - Britain 1918-97 (11 decks)

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