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A-level History - Britain 1918-97 > Britain theme 2 evidence > Flashcards

Britain theme 2 evidence Flashcards

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1
Q

National Insurance Scheme … only covered … male pop

A

1911
10%

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2
Q

Unemp Insurance Act … = forced to hand out additional ‘dole payments’ early as …

A

1920
1921

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3
Q

Unemp Insurance Act payments - … per week for man, bus driver earned … a week

A

75p
£3

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4
Q

Housing & Town Planning Act … = estimated … houses to meet demand, … constructed before onset recession, estimated shortfall … by …

A

1919
over 600,000
213,000
822,000
1923

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5
Q

existing Old Age Pensions Act …

A

1908

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6
Q

1920-40 … homes built total = by 1940 … homes built since 1918

A

4mil
1/3

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7
Q

… … ‘cottage estates’ created on outskirts London

A

1924-39
20

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8
Q

By … Established shortfall of … Homes, by … …

A

1923
Over 800,000
1939
Over 1mil

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9
Q

National Economy Act … Introduced … Cut to unemp. benefits & ‘means test’

A

1931
10%

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10
Q

… Alone … claims for unemp assistance rejected

A

1931
400,000

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11
Q

… Unemp Act reversed 10% cut for short term benefits

A

1934

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12
Q

Blitz bombing

A

Sep 1940 - May 1941

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13
Q

Blitz = … Houses destroyed, … Houses in London damaged/destroyed

A

2mil
Over 60%

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14
Q

Opinion polls in … … Of public saw housing as biggest challenge

A

1945
41%

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15
Q

Before WWII … Soldiers unfit for combat

A

41%

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16
Q

… Seriously injured by Blitz

A

Over 139,000

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17
Q

Conscription …, rationing …

A

1939
1940

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18
Q

Beveridge Report … Recommended radical action to tackle ‘Five Giants’ …

A

1942
Want, disease, ignorance, squalor & idleness

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19
Q

Cost of unemp benefits 1939 = … GNP, … By 1970

A

0.6%
8.8%

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20
Q

Britain’s deficit reached … By 70s

A

£800mil

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21
Q

Average life expectancy increased 1941-70 = … To … For women, … To … For men

A

64
74
59
69

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22
Q

Right wing Con Sir Keith Joseph inspired by …

A

Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek

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23
Q

Housing & Town Planning Act … = Local authorities can use gov funding for house building, … Houses constructed

A

1919?
213,000

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24
Q

Housing Acts … & … & Labour Housing Act … Used gov subsidies & promoted house building

A

1923 & 24
1930

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25
Q

‘out of work donation’

A

1918-20

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26
Q

Unemp Insurance Act … = Insurance paid by employees, employers & gov, covered … Workers

A

1920
11.4mil

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27
Q

Widows’, Orphans’ & Old Age Contributory Pensions Act … = … Per week paid to families & funded by compulsory contributions

A

1925
10 shillings

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28
Q

Wall Street Crash

A

1929

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29
Q

End of 1930 unemp more than doubled … To …

A

1mil
2.5mil

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30
Q

National Economy Act … Gave … Power to ‘means-test’ claimants

A

1931
Public Assistance Committees

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31
Q

Unemployment Act … Introduced … Unemp assistance for… Workers who paid into scheme & created …

A

1934
6 months
14.5mil
Unemp Assistance Board

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32
Q

Housing Act … & … Forced local authorities to tackle problem of slum housing

A

1933 & 35

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33
Q

New Towns Act … Planned … New towns including … & …

A

1946
12
Hatfield
Milton Keynes

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34
Q

Housing Act … Empowered Local Authorities to buy homes for improvement … Council homes built …

A

1949
~700,000
1945-51

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35
Q

NHS … Consisted of … Hospitals & … Staff

A

1948
3,100
360,000

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36
Q

Family Allowances Act … Provided mothers with … Per week for every child after first

A

1945
5 shillings

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37
Q

National Insurance Act … Made unemp benefits available for all workers & provided state pension for men over … & Women over …

A

1946
65
60

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38
Q

Hospital Plan … = opened … new hospitals & redesigned/refurbished further …

A

1962
90
490

39
Q

(Macmillan) by … … homes built with … social housing

A

1964
1.7mil
40%

40
Q

(Heath) Family Income Support …

A

1971

41
Q

Ministry of Health … established under …

A

1919
Chris Addison

42
Q

Medical Research Council … -> Tuberculosis Act … (cases TB fell every year …)

A

1919
1921
(1919-39)

43
Q

Local Gov. Act … devolved responsibility healthcare, given centralised funds -> e.g. … in …

A

1929
Pioneer Health Centre
Peckham

44
Q

infant mortality rate fell … to … …

A

14.3 /1000
12 /1000
1906-39

45
Q

national survey … = chronic shortage … & poor distribution access to good hospitals

A

1938
beds, equipment, trained consultants

46
Q

… think-tanks e.g. … = British healthcare system lagged behind most developed countries e.g. …

A

late 30s
‘Political & Economic Planning’ think-tank
Australia, America & European rivals

47
Q

(by 1939) working class women lived on average … less than middle class

A

19 years

48
Q

Blitz bombing … To … Left … Civilians seriously injured & … Killed

A

Sep 1940
May 1941
139,000
43,000

49
Q

… William Beveridge appointed to investigate welfare provision & recommend improvements, Beveridge Report …

A

June 1941
1942

50
Q

Local Gov Act … = Regional act, gave local authorities control so no time frame/compulsion to improve hospitals

A

1929

51
Q

By 1939 … State run hospitals received no modernisation & still resembled … Infirmaries of Victorian era

A

Half
‘poor law’

52
Q

By 1939 … Pop insured against illness

A

Less than half

53
Q

Maternal mortality … Higher among working class women

A

50%

54
Q

… To … Bevan devoted himself to creation National Health Insurance Act (Eng & Wales)

A

Aug 1945
July 1946

55
Q

… Doctors signed up for new service

A

90%

56
Q

… NHS enabled gov centralised control of … Hospitals with … Staff

A

5th July 1948
3,100
360,000

57
Q

Merrison Report … Found hospitals received … Total NHS funding

A

1979
70%

58
Q

In 50s found hospitals in middle class areas received budget … Per head, only … Working class areas

A

£4.98
£3.19

59
Q

Much of funding from Hospital Plan Act … Spent in London

A

1962

60
Q

Social research in … By … Suggested ‘inverse care law’

A

70s & 80s
Dr Julian Tudor Hart

61
Q

… Black Report by … = Overall gap between classes widened, working class women … Likely to die in childbirth

A

1980
Dep of Health
Twice

62
Q

By … … Types of antibiotic available, just … In 1948

A

1968
33
1

63
Q

NHS developed… Different blood pressure drugs

A

18

64
Q

By … NHS introduced routine vaccines against …

A

1964
Diphtheria, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, whooping cough & tetanus

65
Q

By 1979 NHS performed … Kidney transplants a year & … Heart bypasses

A

800
5,000

66
Q

June 1948 last month before NHS … Prescriptions dispensed by chemists, Sep 1948 = …

A

6.8mil
13.6mil

67
Q

Maternal death rate … In 1948, … 1979

A

1 per 1000 births
0.19 per 1000 births

68
Q

More women chose to give birth in hospital - … In 50s, by 1979 …

A

50%
Almost 97%

69
Q

Lewis Report … recommended inc school leaving age … to …, create … & two-tiered curriculum -> …

A

1918
12
14
‘County Colleges’
Fisher Ed Act 1918

70
Q

Hadow Report … recommended primary & secondary schools, ‘tripartite system’ & inc leaving age to …

A

1926
15

71
Q

C. P. Trevelyan sought reform through … & … (defeated) -> eventually … inc school leaving age but transferred management back to LEAs

A

Ed Bill 1929
Elementary Schools Bill 1929
Trevelyan Ed Act 1936

72
Q

elementary schools often had class size … & by 1939 only … working class children over … in school

A

50-60
13%
13

73
Q

from … unis directly funded by gov … running costs

A

1919
~1/3

74
Q

1900 only … attended uni only increased to … by …

A

20,000
38,000
1939

75
Q

by 1930 new unis e.g. …

A

Reading, Nottingham & Southampton

76
Q

1939 … attended uni = lower than …

A

less than 2%
other European nations, America, Canada & Japan

77
Q

Butler Ed Act … Established ‘tripartite system’

A

1944

78
Q

Secondary moderns = … Children, technical schools … Children at peak

A

~75%
3%

79
Q

1947 … Children in maintained schools, 1967 …

A

5.5mil
9.1mil

80
Q

By … School leaving age raised to 15

A

1948

81
Q

Crosland Circular …

A

1965
(Circular 10/65)

82
Q

… Stated Dep of Ed would refuse approval new school unless comprehensive

A

1966

83
Q

Thatcher Heath’s Ed Secretary

A

1970-74

84
Q

60s & 70s num comprehensives doubled …

A

30 - 60%

85
Q

Ed Act … Callahan’s Ed Secretary … Removed funding grammar schools & forced LEAs to introduce comprehensives or have funding removed

A

1976
Shirley Williams

86
Q

Attending comprehensives: … 1964, … 1980

A

7%
90%

87
Q

Percy Report … & Barlow Report … Argued urgent need STEM, modernisation & expansion uni places -> new unis e.g. …

A

1945
1946
Nottingham & Exeter

88
Q

Robbins Report … Recommended … Increase uni places by 1980

A

1961
5x

89
Q

Ed Act … = Grants for uni students & funding for huge expansion -> … New ‘plate-glass’ unis by … e.g. …

A

1962
11
1970
Kent & York

90
Q

Open Uni created…

A

1969

91
Q

Thatcher (Heath’s Ed Minister) increased student grants by … & Provided funding for further … Unis & … Polytechnics

A

40%
60
33

92
Q

Ed Act … Raised school leaving age 15 to 16 & encouraged ‘work experience’

A

1973

93
Q

Ed Act … Removed funding grammar schools & forced LEAs to introduce comprehensives or have funding removed

A

1976

94
Q

… Oxbridge students female 60s & 70s

A

13%

A-level History - Britain 1918-97 (4 decks)

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