Britain theme 3 evidence Flashcards
1
Q
(~1918) estates worth over … now subject to … tax
A
£2mil
40%
2
Q
… gentry sold off … all land in Eng & by … … gentry landless
A
1918-20
almost 1/4
1951
half
3
Q
(death duties further inc …, … & …)
A
1929
1946
1949
4
Q
formation of Lab Party …
A
1900
5
Q
Parliament Act … = House of Lords lost power to veto bill relating to tax
A
1910
6
Q
(… peers died WWI)
A
almost 1/3
7
Q
National Insurance Act … = unemp & sickness benefit & state pension men over …, women over …
A
1946
65
60
8
Q
commercial & financial sectors in London grew … in 20s
A
34%
9
Q
(~interwar) expansion working opportunites for women in administration & clerking … in … to … in …
A
170,000
1911
1.4mil
1951
10
Q
by 1939 … mc home owners particularly in …
A
60%
commuter belt in Home Counties
11
Q
(new money) …’s Cabinet contained no fewer than … Old Etonians
A
Harold MacMilan
40
12
Q
The Miners’ Strike
A
1921
13
Q
The General Strike
A
1926
14
Q
shortage … houses by … & slum clearance didn’t begin properly until …
A
1mil
1939
50s
15
Q
union membership inc … 1914 to … 1918
A
4mil
8mil
16
Q
Obscene Publications Act … Relaxed censorship, allowed ‘obscene’ in cases ‘literary or artistic merit’
A
1959
17
Q
Theatres Act … Removed antiquated theatre/screen censorship since Licensing Act …
A
1968
1737
18
Q
Sexual Offences Act … Decrim homosexual acts in private, men over …, introduced as Private Member’s Bill by …
A
1967
21
Leo Abse
19
Q
Wolfenden Report … Recommended homosexuality decrim, … Campaigned
A
1957
Homosexual Law Reform Society (HLRS)
20
Q
Abortion Act … Private Member’s Bill by …, abortion legal up to … Weeks’ gestation
A
1967
David Steel
28
21
Q
1966 alone … Deaths & … Serious injuries as result of ‘backstreet abortions’
A
40
100,000
22
Q
Profumo Affair … = Min of War … Alleged to share … Year old sexual partner … With member of Soviet embassy …
A
1963
John Profumo
19
Christine Keeler
Yevgeny Ivanov
23
Q
Profumo Affair on front pages … For weeks
A
Mirror, News of the World, Daily Express & Daily Mail
24
Q
Surge of divorces in …
A
1947
25
Historian ... Argues post-war secularisation helped break down traditional values
Arthur Marwick
26
Sexual Behaviour in the Human Female ... By American 'sexologist' ... Based on interviews with ... Women
1953
Alfred Kinsley
Over 6,000
27
The Joy of Sex ... By ... Became bestseller
1972
Dr Alex Comfort
28
'satire boom' in ...
Late 50s & early 60s
29
TV programme ... Starring ... Combined satirical humour & interviews of leading politicians
That Was The Week That Was
David Frost
30
Saturday Night & Sunday Morning ... By ... Depicted angry working class man
1958
Alan Sillitoe
31
Emmanuelle ... = Soft porn film, ... Most popular in ...
1977
4th
1977
32
... London's first 'Gay Pride' March with ... Marchers -> by ... ... Marchers
1971
1,000
1980
15,000
33
1967 ... Legal abortions -> ... In ...
27,000
140,000
1980
34
... Pop in favour abortion by ...
Over 80%
1980
35
Divorce Reform Act
1969
36
divorce rate ... 1950, ... by 1980
2.6/1,000 marriages
11.9/1,000 marriages
37
Family Planning Act ... entitled all women to free family planning advice - including free oral contraception - regardless of marital status
1974
38
... has argued 60s witnessed 'Cultural Revolution'
Arthur Marwick
39
Schofield's research discovered only ... men & ... women virgins on wedding day by 80s
75%
66%
40
births outside marriage = ... total births 1950, ... 1980
5%
12.8%
41
...'s study 'The Sexual Behaviour of Young People' ... Asserted promiscuity in young people v much in minority
Michael Schofield
1969 & 71
42
...'s study 'Sex and Marriage in England Today' ... -> average age of marriage fell, ... In ..., ... In ...
Geoffrey Gorer
1971
25
1946
23
1970
43
... & ...'s research in ... -> ... Public disapproved homosexuality
Gorer
Schofield
70s
85%
44
... Led socially conservative 'Clean Up TV' campaign & secured ... Signatures in ...
Mary Whitehouse
500,000
1964
45
Representation of the People Act ... enfranchised women over ... (if married, property owner or uni graduate), comprised ... of total electorate in ...
1918
30
43%
1918
46
Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act ... gave right stand as MPs
1918
47
Tireless work by ... -> ROPA ...
NUWSS (National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies)
1928
48
Matrimonial Causes Acts ... & ... brought equality in divorce
1923
1937
49
Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act ... lifted legal restrictions on women in professions, unis & civil service
1919
50
Criminal Law Amendment Act ... Raised age of legal consent ... To ..., Bastardy Act ...
1922
13
16
1923
51
30s & 40s female MPs e.g. ... Exerted growing influence = ... ... Set up cross-party Women Power Committee
Nancy Astor
Eleanor Rathbone
1940
Astor
52
... Women joined Lab Party 20s, ... Served as Lab MPs & ... Appointed to National Executive Committee
Over 150,000
9
4
53
By 1945 ... Elected councillors women
15%
54
By 1918 ... Women in metal & chemical industries compared to ... 1914
Over 1mil
200,000
55
Sex Disqualification Act ... Allowed women to work in ...
1919
Law & civil service
56
... Educated women employed as typists/clerks by ...
1.3mil
1930
57
WWII increase opportunities for women e.g.
Munitions factories, drivers, cooks, intelligence analysts & radar plotters
58
1939 ... Employed women in chemical, engineering or transport industry, by 1945 ...
14%
33%
59
By 1945 ... Women employed in agriculture, often in ...
80,000
Women's Land Army
60
1951 = ... Married women in full-time employment
25%
61
Matrimonial Clauses Act ... allowed divorce in cases where couple separated for 3 years or marital rape
1937
62
in 30s average ... divorce applications per year, by 1951 ...
4,800
38,000
63
... Dr Marie Stopes founded first 'Stopes Clinic' in London
1921
64
by ... many local authorities arguing funding for birth control essential & gov decided acceptable for second-time mothers or if damage health (& CofE withdrew criticism for married members)
1930
65
(1918-45) Female MPs never rose above ...
5%
66
(1918-45) total num female MPs peaked at ... In ...
15
1931
67
1950 ... Employed women worked in ...
86%
Nursing, teaching, factory work & waitressing
68
(by 1945) 'marriage bar' remained in ...
Civil service, banking & legal profession
69
(WWII by ... peak female mobilisation = ... women in paid work, ... of female workforce married)
1943
7.75mil
43%
70
By 50s ... Women not content with domestic role
60%
71
Removal marriage bar in Civil Service ... & Banking ...
1946
1949
72
Equal Pay Act ... = ...
1970
Prohibited less favourable pay/conditions
73
Employment Protection Act ... = ...
1975
Couldn't be sacked for pregnancy & given 6 weeks' paid maternity leave
74
Sex Discrimination Act ... = ...
1975
Illegal to discrim against women in employment, training, housing & education
75
Family Planning Act ... Extended oral contraception to all women
1967
76
National Women's Conference ...
1970
77
Spare Rib magazine published by ... & ...
Rosie Boycott
Sheila Rowbotham
78
... pressured gov into passing Domestic Violence Act ...
Nat Women's Aid Federation
1976
79
Rape Crisis Centre established ... = Grew to ... By ...
1973
60
1980
80
Wilson's gov ... To ... = ... Of ... Ministers female
1964
1970
7
18
81
... = Sec for Employment then Social Services, successes pursuing women's rights e.g. ...
Barbara Castle
Equal Pay Act (1970) & child benefits
82
Thatcher leader of Con Party ... & PM ...
1975
1979
83
Union membership in 70s rose ... To ... Women
2.6mil
3.8mil
84
1979 ... Female MPs ran, only ... Elected
216
19
85
Thatcher struggled against decade prejudice before candidate for ... In ...
Finchley
1959
86
On average women only paid ... Man's wage ...
65%
1979
87
Equal Opportunities Commission established
1975
88
(70s) formation of domestic violence refuges e.g. in ... by ...
Chiswick
Erin Pizzey
89
Race riots ... In ...
Jan - Aug 1919
Cardiff, Newport, Glasgow, Salford, Hull, South Shields & London
90
Liverpool rioting in ... = Rioting crowd reached ... & ... Ethnic minorities temporarily removed from homes out of fear for safety
June 1919
10,000
700
91
... ... refused entry to ... (West Indian cricketer) As white American guests didn't want to share hotel
1944
London Imperial Hotel
Learie Constantine
92
Alien Orders Act ... required workers to register with police before seeking work or could be deported
1920
93
Special Restrictions Act ... forced 'black' seamen to prove B citizenship or face deportation
1925
94
... Caribbean men joined RAF, ... African men served in British forces & ... Indian men joined Indian Army
~10,000
More than 500,000
Over 2mil
95
After war industries advertised throughout new Commonwealth for workers in ... e.g. ...
40s & 50s
London Transport, NHS, Post Office, railways, textile industries in North
96
London Transport recruited ... Bus drivers from ... In ...
140
Barbados
1956
97
NHS recruited ... Caribbean nurses ...
3,000
1948-54
98
Repealed 'Special Restrictions Acts' ... In ... = Easier for foreign workers to find work without harassment/fear of deportation
1920 & 25
1942
99
... Report presented by MP ... = Asian chefs paid ... A month, white chefs ...
1919
Neil Maclean
£5
£20
100
... League of Coloured People reported ... Black & Asian men unemp for prolonged period, white men ...
1934-35
80%
30%
101
'black' or 'Asian' areas e.g. ... Nottingham, ... London & ... Liverpool
St Anne's
Brixton
Toxteth
102
... ... Formed British Black Panther Party, campaigned against institutional racism in police
1968
Obi B. Egbuna
103
... ... Formed Race Today Collective = black rights organisation fighting discrimination & promoting equality
1974
Darcus Howe
104
... Lab adopted policy to tackle discrim & encourage 'multiculturalism'
60s onwards
105
Race Relations Acts ... Outlawed colour bar, 'inciting racial hatred', discrim in housing & created ... To promote multiculturalism in schools & ... = Had power to enforce race relations legislation
1965, 68 & 76
Communities Relations Committee (CRC)
Commission for Racial Equality
106
Commonwealth Immigration Act ... Opinion polls estimated ... Approval rating for tough gov action, ... For ... Act & ... For ... Act
1962
70%
72%
1968
60%
1971
107
... Election British Union of Fascists campaigned openly against immigration, ... Vote
1958
8%
108
... ... (Con MP) Made 'rivers of blood' speech advocating keeping B white -> sacked by ... But petition to reinstate signed by ... & Estimated ... Agreed with speech
1968
Enoch Powell
Heath
30,000
75%
109
British Nationality Act ...
1948
110
White ... Frequently fight groups black immigrant gangs know as ...
'Teddy Boys'
'Yardies'
111
serious rioting in Notting Hill ... = weeks of violence involving mobs up to ... white people
1958
700
112
National Front formed ... Had ... Members by ... -> individual successes e.g. ... Vote in ... ...
1967
Over 20,000
1970
16%
West Bromwich
1973
113
as many as ... Poles recruited by ... & ... ... brought over from Eastern Europe & Italy
100,000
Polish Resettlement Corps
85,000
European Voluntary Workers
114
... Commonwealth Immigration Act (MacMilan) = designed to end large scale immigration, only allowed immigrants to settle in UK providing had job voucher
1962
115
... Commonwealth Immigration Act (Wilson) sought reduce immigration from ... = introduced 'grandfather clause'
1968
India, Pakistan & West Indies
116
... Immigration Act introduced temporary 12-month work permits -> ... only ... immigrants admitted to UK
1971
1972
2,290
117
new Commonwealth Immigration = net influx ... ... & average ... per year in 60s & 70s
472,000
1955-62
over 70,000
118
by ... reggae music emerged & 2 record labels ... & ...
1969
Island
Trojan
119
... Desmond Dekker's ... first reggae song to hit num 1
1969
'The Israelites'
120
loss commonwealth immigrants automatic right remain in ...
1971
121
... B's manpower in WWI made up of black & Asian colonial troops & labourers
over 1/3
