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A-level History - Britain 1918-97 > Britain theme 3 evidence > Flashcards

Britain theme 3 evidence Flashcards

1
Q

(~1918) estates worth over … now subject to … tax

A

£2mil
40%

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2
Q

… gentry sold off … all land in Eng & by … … gentry landless

A

1918-20
almost 1/4
1951
half

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3
Q

formation of Lab Party …

A

1900

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4
Q

Parliament Act … = House of Lords lost power to veto bill relating to tax

A

1910

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5
Q

National Insurance Act … = unemp & sickness benefit & state pension men over …, women over …

A

1946
65
60

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6
Q

commercial & financial sectors in London grew … in 20s

A

34%

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7
Q

(~interwar) expansion working opportunites for women in administration & clerking … in … to … in …

A

170,000
1911
1.4mil
1951

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8
Q

by 1939 … middle class home owners

A

60%

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9
Q

(new money) …’s Cabinet contained no fewer than … Old Etonians

A

Harold MacMilan
40

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10
Q

The Miners’ Strike

A

1921

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11
Q

The General Strike

A

1926

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12
Q

shortage … houses by … & slum clearance didn’t begin properly until …

A

1mil
1939
50s

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13
Q

Obscene Publications Act … Relaxed censorship, allowed ‘obscene’ in cases ‘literary or artistic merit’

A

1959

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14
Q

Theatres Act … Removed antiquated theatre/screen censorship since Licensing Act …

A

1968
1737

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15
Q

Sexual Offences Act … Decrim homosexual acts in private, men over …, introduced as Private Member’s Bill by …

A

1967
21
Leo Abse

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16
Q

Wolfenden Report … Recommended homosexuality decrim, … Campaigned

A

1957
Homosexual Law Reform Society (HLRS)

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17
Q

Abortion Act … Private Member’s Bill by …, abortion legal up to … Weeks’ gestation

A

1967
David Steel
28

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18
Q

1966 alone … Deaths & … Serious injuries as result of ‘backstreet abortions’

A

40
100,000

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19
Q

Profumo Affair … = Min of War … Alleged to share … Year old sexual partner … With member of Soviet embassy …

A

1963
John Profumo
19
Christine Keeler
Yevgeny Ivanov

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20
Q

Profumo Affair on front pages … For weeks

A

Mirror, News of the World, Daily Express & Daily Mail

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21
Q

Surge of divorces in …

A

1947

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22
Q

Historian … Argues post-war secularisation helped break down traditional values

A

Arthur Marwick

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23
Q

Sexual Behaviour in the Human Female … By American ‘sexologist’ … Based on interviews with … Women

A

1953
Alfred Kinsley
Over 6,000

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24
Q

The Joy of Sex … By … Became bestseller

A

1972
Dr Alex Comfort

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25
Q

‘satire boom’ in …

A

Late 50s & early 60s

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26
Q

TV programme … Starring … Combined satirical humour & interviews of leading politicians

A

That Was The Week That Was
David Frost

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27
Q

Saturday Night & Sunday Morning … By … Depicted angry working class man

A

1958
Alan Sillitoe

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28
Q

Emmanuelle … = Soft porn film, … Most popular in …

A

1977
4th
1977

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29
Q

… London’s first ‘Gay Pride’ March with … Marchers -> by … … Marchers

A

1971
1,000
1980
15,000

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30
Q

1967 … Legal abortions -> … In …

A

27,000
140,000
1980

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31
Q

… Pop in favour abortion by …

A

Over 80%
1980

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32
Q

Divorce Reform Act

A

1969

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33
Q

…’s study ‘The Sexual Behaviour of Young People’ … Asserted promiscuity in young people v much in minority

A

Michael Schofield
1969 & 71

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34
Q

…’s study ‘Sex and Marriage in England Today’ … -> average age of marriage fell, … In …, … In …

A

Geoffrey Gorer
1971
25
1946
23
1970

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35
Q

… & …’s research in … -> … Public disapproved homosexuality

A

Gorer
Schofield
70s
85%

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36
Q

… Led socially conservative ‘Clean Up TV’ campaign & secured … Signatures in …

A

Mary Whitehouse
500,000
1964

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37
Q

Representation of the People Act … enfranchised women over …, comprised … of total electorate in …

A

1918
30
43%
1918

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38
Q

Tireless work by … -> ROPA …

A

NUWSS (National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies)
1928

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39
Q

Criminal Law Amendment Act … Raised age of legal consent … To …, Bastardy Act …

A

1922
13
16
1923

40
Q

30s & 40s female MPs e.g. … Exerted growing influence = … … Set up cross-party Women Power Committee

A

Nancy Astor
Eleanor Rathbone
1940
Astor

41
Q

… Women joined Lab Party 20s, … Served as Lab MPs & … Appointed to National Executive Committee

A

Over 150,000
9
4

42
Q

By 1945 … Elected councillors women

43
Q

By 1918 … Women in metal & chemical industries compared to … 1914

A

Over 1mil
200,000

44
Q

Sex Disqualification Act … Allowed women to work in …

A

1919
Law & civil service

45
Q

… Educated women employed as typists/clerks by …

A

1.3mil
1930

46
Q

WWII increase opportunities for women e.g.

A

Munitions factories, drivers, cooks, intelligence analysts & radar plotters

47
Q

1939 … Employed women in chemical, engineering or transport industry, by 1945 …

48
Q

By 1945 … Women employed in agriculture, often in …

A

80,000
Women’s Land Army

49
Q

1951 = … Married women in full-time employment

50
Q

(1918-45) Female MPs never rose above …

51
Q

(1918-45) total num female MPs peaked at … In …

52
Q

1950 … Employed women worked in …

A

86%
Nursing, teaching, factory work & waitressing

53
Q

(by 1945) ‘marriage bar’ remained in …

A

Civil service, banking & legal profession

54
Q

By 50s … Women not content with domestic role

55
Q

Removal marriage bar in Civil Service … & Banking …

56
Q

Equal Pay Act … = …

A

1970
Prohibited less favourable pay/conditions

57
Q

Employment Protection Act … = …

A

1975
Couldn’t be sacked for pregnancy & given 6 weeks’ paid maternity leave

58
Q

Sex Discrimination Act … = …

A

1975
Illegal to discrim against women in employment, training, housing & education

59
Q

Family Planning Act … Extended oral contraception to all women

60
Q

National Women’s Conference …

61
Q

Spare Rib magazine by …

A

Sheila Rowbotham

62
Q

Pressured gov into passing Domestic Violence Act …

63
Q

Rape Crisis Centre established … = Grew to … By …

A

1973
60
1980

64
Q

Wilson’s gov … To … = … Of … Ministers female

A

1964
1970
7
18

65
Q

… = Sec for Employment then Social Services, successes pursuing women’s rights e.g. …

A

Barbara Castle
Equal Pay Act (1970) & child benefits

66
Q

Thatcher leader of Con Party … & PM …

67
Q

Union membership in 70s rose … To … Women

A

2.6mil
3.8mil

68
Q

1979 … Female MPs ran, only … Elected

69
Q

Thatcher struggled against decade prejudice before candidate for … In …

A

Finchley
1959

70
Q

On average women only paid … Man’s wage …

71
Q

Equal Opportunities Commission established

72
Q

Domestic violence refuges ??

73
Q

Race riots … In …

A

Jan - Aug 1919
Cardiff, Newport, Glasgow, Salford, Hull, South Shields & London

74
Q

Liverpool rioting in … = Rioting crowd reached … & … Ethnic minorities temporarily removed from homes out of fear for safety

A

June 1919
10,000
700

75
Q

… … refused entry to … (West Indian cricketer) As white American guests didn’t want to share hotel

A

1944
London Imperial Hotel
Learie Constantine

76
Q

… Caribbean men joined RAF, … African men served in British forces & … Indian men joined Indian Army

A

~10,000
More than 500,000
Over 2mil

77
Q

After war industries advertised throughout new Commonwealth for workers in … e.g. …

A

40s & 50s
London Transport, NHS, Post Office, railways, textile industries in North

78
Q

London Transport recruited … Bus drivers from … In …

A

140
Barbados
1956

79
Q

NHS recruited … Caribbean nurses …

A

3,000
1948-54

80
Q

Repealed ‘Special Restrictions Acts’ … In … = Easier for foreign workers to find work without harassment/fear of deportation

A

1920 & 25
1942

81
Q

… Report presented by MP … = Asian chefs paid … A month, white chefs …

A

1919
Neil Maclean
£5
£20

82
Q

… League of Coloured People reported … Black & Asian men unemp for prolonged period, white men …

A

1934-35
80%
30%

83
Q

‘black’ or ‘Asian’ areas e.g. … Nottingham, … London & … Liverpool

A

St Anne’s
Brixton
Toxteth

84
Q

… … Formed British Black Panther Party, campaigned against institutional racism in police

A

1968
Obi B. Egbuna

85
Q

… … Formed Race Today Collective = black rights organisation fighting discrimination & promoting equality

A

1974
Darcus Howe

86
Q

… Lab adopted policy to tackle discrim & encourage ‘multiculturalism’

A

60s onwards

87
Q

Race Relations Acts … Outlawed colour bar, ‘inciting racial hatred’, discrim in housing & created … To promote multiculturalism in schools & … = Had power to enforce race relations legislation

A

1965, 68 & 76?
Communities Relations Committee (CRC)
Commission for Racial Equality

88
Q

Commonwealth Immigration Act … Opinion polls estimated … Approval rating for tough gov action, … For … Act & … For … Act

A

1962
70%
72%
1968
60%
1971

89
Q

… Election British Union of Fascists campaigned openly against immigration, … Vote

90
Q

… … (Con MP) Made ‘rivers of blood’ speech advocating keeping B white -> sacked by … But petition to reinstate signed by … & Estimated … Agreed with speech

A

1968
Enoch Powell
Heath
30,000
75%

91
Q

British Nationality Act …

92
Q

White … Frequently fight groups black immigrant gangs know as …

A

‘Teddy Boys’
‘Yardies’

93
Q

National Front formed … Had … Members by … -> individual successes e.g. … Vote in … …

A

1967
Over 20,000
1970
16%
West Bromwich
1973

94
Q

as many as … Poles recruited by … & … … brought over from Easter Europe & Italy

A

100,000
Polish Resettlement Corps
85,000
European Voluntary Workers

95
Q

… Immigration Act introduced temporary 12-month work permits -> … only … immigrants admitted to UK

A

1971
1972
2,290

A-level History - Britain 1918-97 (11 decks)

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