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BEVS CUT > Theme 2 - Stagnation of the Economy under Brezhnev > Flashcards

Theme 2 - Stagnation of the Economy under Brezhnev Flashcards

1
Q

Compare Khrushchev’s vs Brezhnev’s thinking

A
  • Khrushchev focused on Grandiose plans
  • Brezhnev saw the failures of such grand plans (e.g Virgin Lands Scheme) and chose to focus on small measures (e.g increasing incentives for Peasants)
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2
Q

How did Brezhnev reform procurement prices? How did this impact retail prices? What effect did this have

A
  • Increased procurement prices especially for meat
  • But kept Retail prices low
  • Created a massive state subsidy system
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3
Q

What was the size of the Soviet procurement subsidy system

A
  • $33 Billion
  • By 1981
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4
Q

When & How did Brezhnev reform the workday system?

A
  • 1966
  • Replaced with small yet guarentted salary for agricultural workers & gave them a share in bonus’s
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5
Q

What was Brezhnev’s stance of private plots

A
  • Encouraged them - increased size to 1.2 acres per household
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6
Q

What was the output of Private plots? Why is this suprising

A
  • By 1978 provided:
  • 1/3 of meat and eggs, 1/4 of all output
  • BUT only 1% of cultivated area
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7
Q

What was the focus of Brezhnev’s investment in agriculture?

A
  • Agricultural infrastructure
  • Storage, refrigeration, roads etc.
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8
Q

Who was in charge of Agriculural investment? Did they recieve blame for its failure

A
  • Gorbachev
  • Didn’t recieve blame for failure
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9
Q
  • What % of investment was agricural? What was the problem with this?
A
  • 25%
  • 1 rouble investment would only yield 0.39 back
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10
Q

What type of farm did Brezhnev favour?

A
  • Sovkhozy (Larger farm)
  • 2x the size of Kolkhozy
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11
Q

Compare Sovkhozy vs Kolkhozy at the start and near the end of Brezhnev’s rule

A
  • Sovkhozy rose form 13k in 1967 to 20,500 in 1978
  • Kolkhozy fell 36k in 1967 to 26,700 in 1978
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12
Q

Overview of Brezhnev agriculture

A

2 decades following Khrushchev only difference was reinstatement of ministry of agriculture

q

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13
Q

Poverty stat for collective farms

A
  • Early 1960’s
  • 75% of collective farm workers lived below the poverty line
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14
Q

Where there any social security improvements? Did they materialise?

A
  • Collective workers given access to social security
  • But law does not alway mean reality
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15
Q

What was China doing during Brezhnev’s reign

A
  • Decollectivising and moving towards and NEP eske system of co-opertatives
  • Loyalty to Stalinism and Sino-Soviet split meant Brezhnev couldnt follow
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16
Q

State of Agriculture by late Brezhnev

A
  • By 1980 agriculture had followed industry into stagnation
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17
Q

Diet of Soviet citizens

A
  • Early 1970’s Soviets ate 2x bread and potateos and half the meat of the USA
18
Q

Brezhnev policy on grain imports

A
  • Continued to import expensive US grain and artifically supressed bread price
19
Q

Describe disturbances in brezhnev’s reign. What did this demonstrate?

A
  • 1960’s riots over price of bread
  • Showed that political stabilty was linked to cheap food
20
Q

When were Kosygin’s reforms passed

A
  • September 1965
21
Q

What were Kosygin’s reforms

A
  • Enterprises could keep profits to reinvest
  • Workers could share in success of company
22
Q

When were Khrushchev’s reforms recalled? And what were they

A
  • September 1965
  • Sovnarkhozy (De-centralisation) was cancelled and central ministry’s re-established
23
Q

Compare Overall growth targert 9th vs 10th 5yr plan

A
  • 9th: 43&
  • 10th 36%
24
Q

Compare heavy industry growth 9th vs 10th 5yr plan

A
  • 9th 46%
  • 10th 38%
25
Q

Compare consumer goods growth 9th vs 10th 5yr plan

A

-9th: 37%
10th: 32%

26
Q

Compare agriculture growth 9th vs 10th 5yr plan

A
  • 9th 13%
  • 10th: 17%
27
Q

Dates of 9th 5yr plan

A

-1971 to 1975

28
Q

Dates of 10th 5yr plan

A
  • 1976 to 1980
29
Q

What was the growth in the economy throughout the 1970’s? Why was this? Describe consumer goods?

A
  • Growth at 2%
  • Due to Crisis in Agricuture; Militarty spending; Bottlenecks in Manufacturing
  • Increase in disposable income but no consumer goods to spend the money on
30
Q

Quote about decay of economy

A
  • The decay of the economy cann be reflected in the bottle
31
Q

How available was Vodka

A
  • Vodka was readily available
32
Q

Describe the frequency of drunkenness & response

A
  • Introduction of Sobering up stations
  • 1979 15 to 30 million people used them
33
Q

What does Pravda say in 1982

A
  • Blames Alcholism for deserted building sites on Monday and Friday afternoons
34
Q

Labour laws and Alcholism

A
  • Workers could not be removed if they smelled of Alchol
  • Drunk train drivers had to be given thier job back after a certain time
35
Q

How did Brezhnev attempt to combat Drunkeness

A
  • Law against parasites
  • People grabbed off the street & questioned why they were not in work. An insufficient reason would land you a fine
  • Significantly increased resentment
36
Q

What was the signifiance of Leninst - Marxist theory as a subject

A
  • Leninist Marxist theory was a compulsory subject
  • Lead to a generation where it was soley a boring subject they were forced to sit through
37
Q

Describe soviet standards in healthcare, eduction and unemployment

A
  • Virtually no unemployment
  • High healthcare standards
  • Education was free
38
Q

Statistic of US emmigre’s about USSR

A
  • 60% were satisifed with living conditions in USSR
39
Q

Household consumption in Brezhnev era

A
  • 1965 to 1980
  • 40% increase
  • But nothing to spend it on - long que’s at the shop
40
Q

Brezhnev feeling towards the peasants

A
  • Wanted to improve the lives of the peasants
  • But alligence to Stalinist collectivisation meant little could be done

BEVS CUT (21 decks)

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