Theme 1 - Provisional Government and Bolshevik revolution of 1918 Flashcards

1
Q

When does Nicholas personally take control of the war

A
  • May 1915
  • Leaving GERMAN empress in charge under the influence of Rasputin
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2
Q

When is the start of WW1

A
  • Early August 1914
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3
Q

Whats the inital public opinion of the war

A
  • Intially high spirits
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4
Q

Describe the first major defeat in WW1

A
  • Tannenburg
  • 29 August 1914
  • 70k dead
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5
Q

What is the mood in Petrograd in late 1916

A
  • “The industrial proletariat of the capital are in dispair”
  • Dec 1916
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

State of the war effort by 1916

A
  • One rifle between 3
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8
Q

What is the political mood in early 1917

A
  • High discontent
  • Eastern front near collapse
  • Worst winter in memory at -30
  • Alexandra refused to listen to the Duma - the Duma thought they could do a better job
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9
Q

When was Rasputin Assasinated

A
  • December 1916
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10
Q

When does the president of the Duma declare no confidence in Nicholas

A
  • 14 Feb 1917
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11
Q

When does disquiet begin in Petrograd

A
  • 18 Feb 1917
  • Strike at Putilov engineering works
  • By 25 there were 300k demonstrators in the street
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12
Q

What was the impact of international womens day

A
  • 23 Feb 1917
  • 100k women in the streets
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13
Q

When does Nicholas try to reimpose order & what happens

A
  • 26 Feb: Nicholas instructs garrison to restore order
  • 27 Feb: Most of the garrison mutiny
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14
Q

When does Nicholas order the Duma to dissolve

A
  • 27 Feb 1917
  • 12 delagates refuse and set up the “Provisional Committee”
  • Kerenesy demands Nicholas’ abdication
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15
Q

When is the first meeting of the Petrograd Soviet?

A
  • 27 Feb 1917
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16
Q

What is “Soviet Order No. 1” and when is it issued

A
  • 1 March 1917
  • Removes officers powers and transfers them to elected representatives of the soldiers
17
Q

When does Nicholas II abdicate

A
  • 2nd March 1917
  • At the behest of Generals
  • Proposes his brother - Grand duke Michael but he refuses to take crown
18
Q

When does the Provisional Committee rename itself the Provisional government?

A
  • 3 March
19
Q

When is the Petrograd soviet set up and what do they do initally

A
  • 12 March 1917
  • Take control of the food supply
20
Q

What are the major problems for the Provisional Government

A
  • Further defeats in WW1
  • Food Shortages
  • Existance of Soviet
21
Q

When does Trotsky become Chair of Petrograd soviet

A
  • September 1917
22
Q

When does Lenin arrive in Petrograd

A
  • April 1917
  • With assistance from the Germans
23
Q

Describe the level of Newspaper support of Lenin

A
  • June 1917
  • Over 40 newspapers in circulation in support of Lenin
24
Q

Describe the explostion in Bolshevik party membership in 1917

A
  • 24k in Feb 1917
  • 740k in Oct 17
25
Q

Describe Lenin’s April Thesis

A

1: End to War
2: Redistrobution - middle to working class
3: Land to Peasants
4: Police, Army & Buerocracy to end
5: Overthrow of Capitalist system - banks, factories and transport nationalised
6: Bolsheviks should take control of the soviet to achieve this

26
Q

When was the first attempt of the Bolsheviks to overthrow the government? Describe it

A
  • July 1917
  • 3 Days of Rioting
  • Kerensky brought in loyal troops to quell the disorder
  • Lenin went abroad and others went into hiding
27
Q

When and what was the Kornilov affair

A
  • August 1917
  • Gen. Kornilov attempts to establish a military dictatorship
  • Kerensky forced to release bolsheviks to save petrograd
  • Rail workers prevented Kornilov from reaching petrograd
  • Kerinsky weakened as forced to release red guard
28
Q

When does Lenin convince the central committee to act? Was it unanimous?

A
  • 10 October 1917
  • Zinoviev and Kaminev dissenting
29
Q

What do the Bolsheviks do in prepartation for october

A
  • Reduce size of street demonstations
30
Q

When was the october revolution? What Happened?

A
  • 24 October 1917
  • Bolsheviks sieze key government buildings
31
Q

What happens in the aftermath

A
  • 25th to 27th October
  • Remaining members of PG arrested
  • Second congress of Soviets - adopts Lenin’s decree on peace and land
  • Approves council of people’s commisars with Lenin as chair
32
Q

Why do Mensheviks and SR’s oppose Lenin’s seizure of power

A
  • They view it as a Bolshevik not Soviet seizure
33
Q

Why was Lenin successfull in October 1917

A
  • Used simple slogans focusing on Key issues
  • Increased party membership
  • Created red guards
  • Superb orator
  • Convinced the garrison to support them
  • ## Provisional government support lacking: peasants wanted Land reform
34
Q

Factors to suggest October revolution was sudden

A
  • Wasn’t planned in the long term
  • No mood for revolution until Lenin returned October 7th
  • 7 –> 10 Oct - no unanimous vote for revolution
  • Zinoviev and Kaminev wrote a letter saying why it was too soon for revolution
  • Trotsky urged caution
35
Q

Factors to suggest it was planned

A
  • Existence of a “military revolutionary committee”
  • In October the bolsheviks scaled down demonstrations
  • Sailors from Krondstat sailed into Petrograd to signal start of the revolution
  • Key buildings taken simultainiously
36
Q

When did Lenin return to petrograd from his second exile?

A
  • October 7th 1917
37
Q

What was the outcome of the Provisional Governments June offensive

A
  • June 1917
  • Supported by Soviet
  • Was a failure and undermine the Provisional Government
  • Returning soldiers took part in Land Seizures