Theme 2 - Rural-urban links

Question 1

What is the definition of rural?

Answer 1

An area of countryside characterised by wide open spaces.

Question 2

What is the definition of urban?

Answer 2

A built up environment where a lot of people live.

Question 3

What is a ‘population density’?

Answer 3

The average number of people per square kilometer.

Question 4

What is the urban-rural continuum?

Answer 4

A continuum along which all settlements are placed.

Isolated house - village - town - city - megacity

Question 5

What is the ‘sphere of influence’?

Answer 5

A region within which an urban area provides an important economic and social influence.

Question 6

Strengths of the sphere of influence?

Answer 6

• The infrastructure of transport links
• The distance from densely populated areas
• The size of the urban area

Question 7

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 7

The movement of people out of towns and cities to rural areas.

Question 8

What are the 6 reasons that comply with counter-urbanisation?

Answer 8

• Housing
• Family status
• Transport
• Employment
• Social factors
• Environmental factors

Question 9

Negatives of counter-urbanisation?

Answer 9

• Increase in house prices due to higher demand.
• A decrease in traditional services (local shops)
• Fewer people in village during the day.
• Overwhelmed schools and education services.
• Increased traffic and pollution.
• Loss of village ‘identity’.

Question 10

Factors leading to increased commuting?

Answer 10

• Cities have more job opportunities
• Rural houses are cheaper
• Improvements in journey and rail times
• Improvements in car safety and comfort

Question 11

Factors leading to decreased commuting?

Answer 11

• Rapid growth of emails and online work
• Increased quality of signal/network
• Rapid growth of broadband, cheaper for companies to run from home

Question 12

What are primary jobs?

Answer 12

Jobs that involve getting raw materials

Question 13

What are tertiary jobs?

Answer 13

Jobs that provide a service

Question 14

What is a commuter belt?

Answer 14

The area around a town or city where people travel to work in the urban area

Question 15

What is depopulation?

Answer 15

The reduction in the population of an area

Question 16

What is deprivation?

Answer 16

The lack of key necessities required for comfortable living.

Question 17

What is the cycle of deprivation?

Answer 17

The cycle where a family living in poverty is unable to improve its lifestyle due to the negative factors of low income, poor housing and education, which keeps it in a state of poverty.

Question 18

Name factors that will help create a sustainable rural community?

Answer 18

• Reliability and frequency of transport
• Availability of jobs
• Internet connections
• Education
• Healthcare
• Village services
• Green technologies

Question 19

What is natural population change?

Answer 19

The change in population from birth and death only.

Question 20

What are the social factors effecting population change?

Answer 20

• Healthcare
• Marriage
• Culture
• An ageing population

Question 21

What are the economic factors effecting population change?

Answer 21

• The cost of raising a family
• Maternity pay
• Career

Question 22

What are the political factors effecting population growth?

Answer 22

• Contraception
• Maternity/paternity rights
• Migration
• Vaccination programmes

Question 23

Reasons for people moving into the UK?

Answer 23

• Jobs
• Stable political system
• Good health service
• Better income
• Good education
• Established family in UK

Question 24

Reasons for people moving within the UK?

Answer 24

• Cost of housing
• Change of lifestyle
• In search of work
• No need to live near jobs
• Care for family members

Question 25

What are the impacts of migration?

Answer 25

- Increase in working young adults - Increase in birthrate - Increased diversity - Strains on education - Lower paid jobs filled - House prices increase

Question 26

Why is the UK said to have an 'ageing' population?

Answer 26

More people living to see past their 65's

Question 27

Economic challenges of an ageing population?

Answer 27

- less working people - More money needed for pensions - More people dependant on the state

Question 28

Health challenges of an ageing population?

Answer 28

- increase in health issues as people live longer | - Higher demand of health proffesionals/carers

Question 29

Social challenges of an ageing population?

Answer 29

- General knowledge/wisdom may be lost - More working age adults are sacrificing careers in order to care for older relatives - More elderly people living on their own - increased feeling of isolation and loneliness.

Question 30

What does Egan's wheel do?

Answer 30

It is a wheel that showcases 8 sectors of a sustainable community.

Question 31

What are the 8 sectors on Egan's wheel?

Answer 31

- Fair for everyone - Active, inclusive and safe - Well run and lead - Environmentally sensitive - Well designed - Well connected - Thriving - Well served

Question 32

What are the challenges faced when building a sustainable community?

Answer 32

- Building on greenfield land - Community differences - Rebranding existing communities - Eco housing may not be affordable for some

Question 33

What is a greenfield site?

Answer 33

An area that has not been used before.

Question 34

What are the challenges planners are faced with when building on greenfield sites?

Answer 34

- Environmental - destruction of land. - Economic - too high of a price. - Social - may encourage counter urbanisation (opinion based whether this is negative or positive)

Question 35

What is a brownfield site?

Answer 35

An area that has previously been built on.

Question 36

What is re-urbanisation?

Answer 36

People moving from the countryside back into urban areas.

Question 37

What is a CBD?

Answer 37

Central business district, the main shopping and service area in a city.

Question 38

Economic factors causing a change in retail?

Answer 38

- Congestion - Large areas of free parking - Wages being paid monthly rather than weekly

Question 39

Cultural factors effecting retail?

Answer 39

- Car dependant society | - Habit of bulk buying from preferred (often chain) stores.

Question 40

Technological factors effecting retail?

Answer 40

- Development of high speed broadband. - Sophisticated online websites - Rise in online only retail - Internet banking

Question 41

Benefits of out of town shopping centres?

Answer 41

- Free parking - Quick and easy access - Less congestion - Often room for expansion - Land values are cheaper - Near suburban housing estates

Question 42

Costs of out of town shopping centres?

Answer 42

- Attracts shoppers away from highstreets - Can cause congestion on motorways - Chain stores replacing independent shops - Can be land use conflict

Question 43

What is globalisation?

Answer 43

The global web of links between countries involving people, trade ideas and cultures.

Question 44

Why are global cities (eg London, New York and Paris) important?

Answer 44

- Finance and trade - Governance - Diversity - Media - Cultural centres - Innovation

Question 45

Which type of countries have a growing number of global cities?

Answer 45

Newly Industrialised Cities with a strong economic security.

Question 46

What is a HIC?

Answer 46

A high income country is a country with a GNI per capita of $11456 or more

Question 47

What is a LIC?

Answer 47

A low income country is a country with a GNI per capita of $1045 or less

Question 48

What is 'informal economy'?

Answer 48

Forms of employment that aren't officially recognised, for example irregular jobs or fully self-employed people.

Question 49

What does 'infrastructure' mean?

Answer 49

The basic structures and services needed by any society like roads, railways, water and electric supply.

Question 50

What does travel around the globe enable us with?

Answer 50

The movement of people leads to a rich exchange in culture and understanding of other peoples way of life, which enables us to feel more connected with one another.