Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Prinicples Of Nursing > Theme 1: The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Theme 1: The Respiratory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards
1
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A
  • allows air to pass to gain oxygen
  • allows us to breath out co2
  • all body systems requires o2 to produce energy (atp) as well as getting rid of metabolic waste
  • is linked to the cardiovascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the concentration of o2 in the air?

A

21%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the key structures of the respiratory system?

A

The tracheobronchial tree.
The diaphragm.
The alveoli
The larynx
The pharynx
The epiglottis
Our respiratory defence mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 different parts of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory tract - nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, epiglottis and upper trachea

Lower respiratory tract - lungs, lower trachobronchial tree and the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Label this

A

A - upper respiratory tact
B - nasal cavity
C - pharynx
D - Larynx
E - lower respiratory tract
F - Trachea
G - primary bronchi
H - Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are paranasal sinuses

A

They are hollow spaces in the bones around the nose, there are 4 different sinuses

  1. The frontal
  2. Maxillary
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Sphenoid sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the paranasal sinuses

A

To provide hollow spaces which lighten the head
Humidify and warm the air to stop airways drying out
Increasing resonance of voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pharynx? What are the three sections?

A

Muscular structure that connects the mounts to aid digestion and respiration
the throat

3 sections
1. Nasopharynx - responsible for moving particles trapped in mucus + helps with mucus removal + connected to Eustachian tubes and keeps the pressure equal + connected to tonsils

  1. Oropharynx - faces the oral cavity + has lingual tonsils
  2. Laryngopharynx - lies adjacent to the hyoid bone, which opens to the oesophagus and larynx.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The primary function of the larynx is to protect the trachea and lungs from inhalation of food and drink when swallowing.

Other functions also include our vocal ability, as well as helping us with airway clearance through coughing and sneezing.

Made up from two parts -> the epiglottis and the thyroid and cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

Is a cartilage flap that is find that is found behind the tongue

It’s primary function is to protect the trachea from inhaling food and drink

This causes the epiglottis to move down and shut over the larynx. When we have finished swallowing, the epiglottis reopens when the larynx moves back down and the pharynx retains it’s shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the glottis?

A

The glottis sits underneath the epiglottis and is made of a pair of mucus membranes called vocal folds.

  • detects foreign particles and triggers a cough to prevent them entering trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the cartilage of the larynx?

A

Covered in cartilage called hyaline cartilage

  • thyroid cartilage is the large structure which covers the front of the larynx (is to protect the vocal cords)
  • cricoid cartilage is ring of hyaline canticle that is attached to trachea at the inferior end (to support vocal stability and support epiglottis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Label this image of the lungs

A

A - superior lobe
B - middle lobe
C - inferior lobe
D - trachea
E - superior lobe
F - main (primary) bronchus
G - lobar (secondary) bronchus
H - segmental (tertiary) bronchus
I - Cardiac notch
J - inferior lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are lungs?

A

Major organ in respiratory system
Is responsible for ensuring gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Lungs are split into lobes, which contain alveoli which have a unique blood network (separated by pulmonary fissures)
Lobe are important as if one collapses due to infection ie that it would still have lobes.
- left lung has 2 lobes
- right lung has 3 lobes (due to left having heart there)

Lungs are coated with costal surface which are rounded to compensate for the structure of the rib.

The hilum of the lungs is where the bronchus, pulmonary vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels enter each lung. As mentioned before, the hilum sits in the the superior mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the tracheobronchial tree consist of?

A

Trachea, bronchus and bronchioles

17
Q

What is the trachea? What is the bronchioles? What are the bronchus?

A

Trachea > Joins the larynx to the bronchus of the lungs
Bronchus > joins the trachea to the bronchioles
Bronchioles > that split from bronchus that have its own network of avioli

18
Q

What is the epithelia layer of the trachea made of?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells.> move mucus out of airways
Goblet cells. > produce mucus

19
Q

What trigger to increase the diameter of the airways?

A

The trachea and bronchus contain receptors = beta 2 adrenergic receptors that trigger the sympathetic nervous pathway to increase the diameter of the airways

20
Q

What is the tracheobronical tree important to have knowledge of?

A

If an infection is in different parts of the tree it will alter the management of the chest infection and determine treatment decisions.

21
Q

Label this diagram of the tracheobronchial tree

A

A - branches of the superior lobar bronchus
B - branches of the middle lobar bronchus
C - branches of the inferior lobar bronchus

22
Q

What is the alveoli?

A

Is a cluster of hollow, air filled sacs that play the most key role is gaseous exchange.
- lined with simple squamous epithelium + lined with a supportive elastic membrane.

23
Q

What are the two types of cells in alveoli?

A

Type 1 alveolar cells - most abundant, where gaseous exchange occurs

Type 2 alveolar cells - specialist cells that secrete aveolar fluid, to reduce surface tension to prevent alveoli from collapsing

24
Q

What needs to change to inspire and expire?

A

Changes that influence thoracic pressure that differ to atmospheric pressure
The structures that do this is lungs, the diaphragm, rib cage and intercostal muscles

Lung volume also has to change

25
Q

What changes occur when inhalation happens?

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens downwards
  2. Intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribs upwards
    > this increases the size of thoracic cavity (increases lung volume) and reduces thoracic pressure
    Air rushes into the lungs
26
Q

What occurs during exhalation?

A

The diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards

Intercostal muscles relax and the ribs move back downwards.

Reduces size of thoracic cavity and increases thoracic pressure and air ruses out of the lung

27
Q

What triggers us to breath?

A

Chemoreceptors that detect the level of carbon dioxide in out blood, depending on level and will adjust accordingly

28
Q

What are the two types of chemoreceptors used for breathing?

A

Central chemoreceptors - located in the medulla oblongata and these receptors are mostly sensitive to changes in pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Peripheral chemoreceptors - located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus and these chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in pO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in blood) and blood pH.

29
Q
A
30
Q

Where is the respiratory system located in the brain?

A

Medulla

31
Q

The peripheral chemoreceptors are located in which two locations?

A

Aortic arch

32
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the air we breath?

A

Oxygen

33
Q

________ Pressure is the pressure exerted by an induvidual gas

A

Partial

34
Q

For oxygen to diffuse through the alveoli membrane into the blood, the partial pressure of the oxygen needs to be _______ than the patient pressure of oxygen in the blood

A

Higher

35
Q

For carbon dioxide to diffuse across the alveolar membrane the partial pressure of carbon dioxide needs to be higher in the ______

A

Blood

36
Q

What is the pulse oximeter and how does it work?

A

It detected the level of how saturated our heamoglobin is with oxygen saturation

Uses light to work out o2 saturation, light source passes through finger to the photodetectors
Oygenated and deoxygenated heamaglobin absorb different light waves therefore it detected how much light is absorbed by blood.

37
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for adults

A

12 - 20

Prinicples Of Nursing (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions