Theme 1: Genetics

Question 1

What makes the DNA double helix structure?

Answer 1

Each molecule of DNA is a double helix formed from 2 complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between Adenine and Thyosine and Guanine and Cytocine.

Question 2

How many pairs of chromosomes are there

Answer 2

23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 3

What chromosome determines gender?

Answer 3

23rd chromosomes

Question 4

What’s the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 4

Mitosis is the division of cells to produce genetically identical daughter cells for body maintenance, growth and repair. Meiosis is the production of non identical haploid cells in which either ova or sperm, these are for reproduction and to fertilise to produce a full diploid cell.

Question 5

What are the fundamentals of genetic inheritance?

Answer 5

Genes are responsible for all our physical characteristics. Genes can be represented by a letter of the alaphabet, some genes are dominant in nature where some are recessive in nature, dominant letters are represented by capitals and recessive lowercase. Blue eyes is a recessive gene therefore a b and brown eyes are a dominant gene therefore B,

Bb = brown eyes
bb = blue eyes
BB = brown eyes
bB = brown eyes

Question 6

What is the difference between locus and alleles?

Answer 6

An alleles are a variant of the same gene that occur on the same place on a chromosomes
A locus is the location on the chromosomes where the gene is found

Question 7

What is a codon?

Answer 7

Condon is 3 bases on a mRNA molecule

Question 8

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 8

DNA polymerase is responsible for new strands of DNA during dna replication.