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A level Travel and Tourism > Theme 1 > Flashcards

Theme 1 Flashcards

1
Q

International tourists

A

tourists coming from abroad

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2
Q

Secondary spending

A

the money that visitors spend on secondary products and services during their visit

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3
Q

Domestic Tourism

A

is people travelling within their country

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4
Q

Tourism

A

the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional reasons

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5
Q

Visitors

A

People engaging in tourism

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6
Q

Day visitors

A

Visitors whose travel does not include an overnight stay

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7
Q

Tourism product

A

Includes a number of categories
-accommodation, hospitality, transport,guided tours, tourist guides, travel agencies, other reservation services, cultural services- museums, sports and recreational services, retail

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8
Q

Travel trade

A

it is a third party to book trips that acts a bridge between visitors and tourism products

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9
Q

inbound tourism

A

these are people who enter a country to visit for tourism purposes

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10
Q

outbound tourism

A

tourists who are leaving their own country to visit another for the purposes of tourism

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11
Q

Visit Britain- visit England

A

public organisation for tourism in Britain

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12
Q

visit Wales

A

public organisation for tourism in Wales

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13
Q

visit Scotland

A

public organisation for tourism in Scotland

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14
Q

Northern Ireland tourist board

A

public organisation for tourism in northern ireland

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15
Q

sustainable tourism

A

Sustainable tourism is an industry committed to making a low impact on the environment and local culture, while helping to generate future employment for local people - ecotourism, national parks

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16
Q

What are the different types of travel?

A

Day trips, leisure travel, corporate/business, specialist travel, visiting friends or family

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17
Q

leisure travel

A

Tourists travelling for their own pleasure and enjoyment or to take a relaxing holiday

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18
Q

Reasons for leisure travel

A

special interest - hen and stag parties
special event - football match in another city
Package holidays
holidays planned by tourists themselves
cruises
seasonal events - festival or sporting events

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19
Q

What is a short break?

A

this is a common form of leisure travel which includes city breaks to destinations such as London/Paris or a countryside break in a rural location - Peak District

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20
Q

Reasons for corporate travel

A

Attending meeting or conference
Attending training or to deliver training
To work in another geographical location for a while to work on a short term contract
Incentive travel

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21
Q

Incentive travel

A

A trip or holiday that is given to an employee for reaching their targets or for extremely goof performance in their job

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22
Q

What is Specialist travel?

A

Tourists that are travelling for a particular reason
- to participate in a sport or to go on a specific kind of holiday. E.g. honeymoon
Some travel and tourism organisations operate in highly specific markets to provide for some of these specialist customers.

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23
Q

Reasons for specialist travel

A 
Adventure 
health 
education 
heritage or culture 
gap year 
conservation 
sustainable tourism or responsible travel 
special interests or hobbies 
wedding and honeymoons
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24
Q

Visiting friends or relatives VFR

A

Usually leisure travellers staying overnight with friends or family

  • may also be visiting the area for business purposes but choose to stay with family/friends to save money or to meet up
  • can be domestic, inbound or outbound
  • VFR tourists tend to stay longer in comparison to other types
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25
Q

Day trips

A

Don’t include an overnight stay

-information about the number, value and types of day visitor is given in the Great Britain Day Visits Survey

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26
Q

Reasons for day trips

A

Visiting a city to go shopping or for an event
Going to a visitor attraction
Going to the countryside for relaxation or for actives

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27
Q

Different types of customers

A 
Family 
couple/individual 
groups 
customer with specific needs
corporate travellers
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28
Q

Individuals/couples as customers

A

someone travelling alone or with another person
An individual may require a single room and might have to pay a supplement for this
may want to join tours or activities with other people at some point or may prefer their own company

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29
Q

Families - customers

A

Family size can facet what they can do on holiday
Single parent family with young children will have different requirements to an extended family with teens
Different generations on holiday = different interests
May require entertainment = babysitting, kids clubs

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30
Q

Groups - customers

A

School groups, special interest groups, friends

Some may have similar needs but groups are made up of individuals all with different needs

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31
Q

Corporate travellers - customers

A

Profitable customers
Travel at peak times
Require convenience and comfort so ready to work when arrive
Expenses are paid by customers company - may be less concerned about getting best value for money
expect business services on transport and hotel
Many organisations used approved corporate travel providers to ensure they get the best deal

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32
Q

Customers with specific requirements - Customers

A 
Different languages and cultures
mobility problems 
hearing 
visual impairment 
medical conditions
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33
Q

Trip

A

the estimated number of tourism trips made by adults aged 16 and over with no upper age limit - must consist of one night stay

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34
Q

Bednights

A

The estimated number of nights spent away from home by adults and children
trips x duration of each trip

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35
Q

Spend

A

estimated expenditure incurred relating to all tourism trips
Costs incurred in advance of trip, during and after
When a single trip includes a night spend in more than one location, the amount spent on that trip is allocated according to the proportion of nights spent in each location

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36
Q

All tourism

A

Any overnight trip away from home for at least one night within GB for any purpose

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37
Q

Holiday

A

main purpose is claimed by the respondent as being to visit for pleasure or leisure

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38
Q

GBTS

A

The great British tourism survey - a national consumer survey measuring the volume and value of domestic overnight tourism trips taken by residents in GB, and provides detailed information about trip and visitor characteristics.

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39
Q

Private business

A
  • Most tourism business in private sector
  • owned by private individuals and companies
  • part of economy that is not under governmental control
  • aims is profit maximisation
  • commercial companies
  • staffed by paid employees
  • if fail to make profit, may cease trading
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40
Q

Aims of a private business

A
  • increase market share
  • increase turnover
  • sell more products/services
  • improve public image
  • diversify products or services
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41
Q

Individual/sole trader

A

Run and owned by one self employed individual
Unlimited reliability
If company goes bankrupt, individual loses money invested and personal belongings

42
Q

Private limited company

A

Owned by shareholders - can be bought and sold with permission from Directors
Limited liability
don’t offer shared to public
accounts have to be reported to companies house but not published to the public

43
Q

Public limited company

A

owned by shareholders
listed on stock exchange - shares can be bought and sold by public
shareholder are paid dividend from businesses profit

44
Q

Public organisations

A

owned by and funded by government
funds from central government through DCMS, lottery funding and local government
Staffed by paid employees, civil servants, DCMS and volunteers

45
Q

Public organisations aims

A

to provide value for the funding they receive to the public
need to make enough money to break even
any profit is re-invested back into the organisation

46
Q

Voluntary organisations

A

Mainly charities
Funding from government grants, donations, legacies, entry fees, gift shops
large organisations have paid staff but mostly volunteers
registered charities are regulated by the Charity Commission and exists for the benefit of others rather than profit

47
Q

Main aims of voluntary organisations

A

Promoting arts, culture, heritage or science
Preserving the environment or features of the landscape
ensuring sustainability
Campaigning against threats
educating visitors
preventing or relieving poverty in tourist destinations and promoting community development

48
Q

Example of a voluntary organisation

A

National Trust

49
Q

Where do voluntary organisations receive funding from?

A

Government grants
donations from the public including legacies
entry fees paid by visitors to their attractions and purchases made in their visitor shops

50
Q

What kind of jobs do voluntary organisations offer?

A

Large voluntary organisations usually have paid staff
rely on many volunteers who enjoy promoting the values of the organisation or sharing their love of heritage in their spare time

51
Q

Tangible product or service

A

Something that can be handled and touched, such as reserving a seat on a bus

52
Q

Intangible product or service

A

Something that is not a physical object and cannot be handled such as a safe and enjoyable journey

53
Q

Key sectors in the travel and tourism industry

A
  • Informational and promotional service providers
  • transport principles
  • transport hubs and gateways
  • tour operators
  • travel agents
  • visitor attractions
  • accommodation
  • trade associations
  • government departments
  • regulatory bodies
54
Q

Transport principles

A

Organisations that provide customers with transport between destinations in a safe and efficient manner

55
Q

Airlines

A
  • The main service that airlines provide is safe transport from one airport to another
  • Short, medium and long haul
56
Q

How has air travel increased?

A

Before the 1950s it was luxury and extremely expensive
Due to an increase in demand and competition, airlines started to bring in new levels of speed, comfort and efficiency to appease customers.

57
Q

Low cost airlines in Europe

A

are short haul, varying from 2-5 hours

58
Q

Short haul flights

A

under 1500km - Edinburgh to Dublin

59
Q

Medium haul flights

A

1500km - 3500km - Manchester to Marrakesh

60
Q

Long haul flights

A

over 3500km - London to New York

61
Q

CAA

A

The Civil Aviation Authority

62
Q

How does the CAA define short, medium, long haul flights?

A

By distance

63
Q

Two main type airline

A

Scheduled and charter

64
Q

Charter airline

A
  • Own and operate aircraft that are rented by other organisations such as tour operators
  • May be contracted for a specific holiday season
  • Run to a set timetable set by the operator
  • Aim to fill every seat on the contracted aircraft
  • Each seat forms part of the customer’s holiday package
  • Many major tour operators own their own charter airlines
  • TUI own TUI airways
65
Q

Scheduled airline

A
  • Run to a regular timetable that is only changes for the winter or summer seasons
  • These flights depart even if not all seats have been booked
66
Q

All Uk airlines are…

A

privately owned

67
Q

Different ticket classes on airlines

A

Economy - includes a baggage allowance included in the price of the ticket
Premium economy- wider seats with more legroom, a cushion and a blanket
Business - wider seats that concert into a bed, private departure lounge, priority boarding
First - personal ‘suite’ with a seat that connects into a luxury bed, luxury dining, pyjamas and toiletries

68
Q

Low cost airlines

A
  • Are scheduled airlines that do not offer different types of service on their flights.
  • Aim to keep their costs as low as possible so they can offer cheap fares
  • Doesn’t offer luxury services like BA
  • Offers extra services at additional cost to the customer such as extra legroom, priority boarding and food
69
Q

Examples of low cost airlines

A

EasyJet, Ryanair

70
Q

Ferries

A

Provide safe transport for customers and their luggage between ports or ferry terminals

71
Q

Common characteristics for ferries

A 
Leisure travel 
Families 
Emphasise affordability 
One destination to another 
Allow travellers to take cars and luggage 
UK to neighbouring countries or islands
72
Q

Examples of ferry operators

A

P&O cruises, DFDS seaways, Brittany Ferries

73
Q

Cruises

A

Journeys taken by ship for pleasure and relaxation, rather than as a method of transport from on specific port to another

  • the holiday destination is the cruise itself.
  • usually stops at several different ports so that passengers can go on day trips in different coastal towns and cities.
74
Q

Products and services cruises offer

A

On-board entertainment
activities
food and drink usually on an all inclusive - basis

75
Q

Examples of cruise companies

A

TUI operates six cruise ships under the brand Marbella. Its an all inclusive cruises are targeted at the family market

76
Q

Popularity of cruise ships

A
  • Becoming more popular
  • in 2016 there were 1.9million ocean cruise passengers from the UK
  • Increasing in popularity due to the growth of cruises starting from ports in the UK
77
Q

Different types of cruises

A

‘fly’ cruises

River cruises

78
Q

What is a fly cruise?

A

where a passenger flies to a port in another country to start their cruise from there rather than from their home country

79
Q

Buses

A
  • Most are privately owned
  • Aim to make profit, they concentrate on profitable routes, which means they can stop operating in less popular rural services
  • Tourists are most likely to use buses for transport within large cities
80
Q

Buses used for tourists

A
  • A convenient way of seeing the sights of a large city or a rural area.
  • tourist bus companies operate in cities around the world while others focus on rural areas that are popular with tourists
  • not only provide transport but inform tourists about the city or the area they are visiting
81
Q

Examples of bus operators

A

City - City Sightseeing

Rural - minibus tours in Lake District

82
Q

Coach operators

A
  • Have adapted their products to meet consumers changing needs, so coaches today are luxurious
  • can be used from one place to another or as an integral part of a holiday
  • travelling via coach can be very affordable
83
Q

What are ‘fly’ coaches?

A

allow customers to fly to another country and then transfer onto a coach to tour around the country and see the sights

84
Q

Coach networks in the UK

A

Extensive coach networks operating in the UK offering scheduled services between towns and also Europe

85
Q

What is Eurolines?

A

is part of the National Express an d operated to hundreds of European countries

86
Q

Products and services of coaches

A

Coach services are comfortable, providing on-board toilets, refreshments, DVD facilities, regular stops

87
Q

Hire cars

A

Offer a wide range of products and services, making car hire easy and convenient for customers.

88
Q

Examples of hire car businesses

A

Hertz, Avis, Europcar

89
Q

Services most hire car offer

A

Online booking
Airport pick up and drop off
A choice of vehicles
Varying levels of insurance cover

90
Q

Car ownership in the UK

A

Risen due to economic prosperity and an increase in population
-most domestic holidays and day trips are taken by car

91
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of private cars

A

comfort, good road network, the ability to take everything you might want on the trip
- congestion can build at busy periods

92
Q

Taxis

A

Only used for short journeys. They are readily available throughout the UK, fares can vary
Tourists are most likely to use hackney cabs, which are taxis that they can either flag down or pick up from a taxi rank

93
Q

Rail

A

Used to travel within a small local area across the country or even to Europe
London rail -TFL
TOC’s - most UK cities run by train-operating companies

94
Q

Eurostar

A

The passenger train service through the Channel tunnel. It operates from St Pancreas International in London. Runs between Dover and Calais onto cities in France and Belgium
-when it first opened in 1994 it took a substantial share of the cross channel market, from 1988 the share began to fall due to competition from low-cost airlines

95
Q

HS1 and HS2

A

1- London to Dover and is the only high speed rail network in the UK
Plans to develop HS2 to connect the midlands and the. North

96
Q

Disadvantages of tourists travelling by train

A

Can find planning trips by train quite complex because of the different operators and a wide variety of fares
Can be expensive - especially at peak times and long journeys
Inbound tourists may struggle to book in advance to take advantage of cheaper fares
Can be made cheaper by using railcards (students and elderly) inbound tourists won’t have this.

97
Q

Advantages of tourists travelling by train

A

Many heritage and scenic train journeys which are attractive to tourists

98
Q

Transport hubs and gateways

A
  • the places where transport principles start and finish
  • need to provide travellers with safe access to the different forms of transport, catering, toilets and ticketing services
99
Q

Examples of transport hubs and gateways

A

Rail and coach stations, ferry terminals, ports

100
Q

Transport hubs and gateways services

A

need to provide travellers with safe access to the different forms of transport, catering, toilets and ticketing services
information to passengers about the available transport services, local and national facilities and attractions

A level Travel and Tourism (19 decks)

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