Keywords list - Unit 1 Flashcards
Tourism
The movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for either personal or business reasons
United Nations World Tourism Organisation
The agency for World tourism, responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism
Domestic tourism
Someone traveling within their own country and staying away from home for at least one night
Day visitor
Someone taking a day trip with no overnight stay
Inbound tourist
Someone entering a country for the purpose of tourism
Outbound tourism
Someone leaving their own country to travel to another country for the purpose of tourism
Short break
Two or three days’ holiday, often at a weekend
Stag or hen party
A group of men or women celebrating the marriage of their friend, usually shortly before the wedding takes place
Visiting friends or family (VFR)
Tourists who are staying overnight with a friend or family member.
Specialist travel
Tourists travelling for a specific kind of holiday for e.g. adventure, health, education, heritage or culture, a gap year, conservation, sustainable tourism, special interests, hobbies or sports, weddings and honeymoons
Leisure travel
Tourists travelling for their own pleasure and enjoyment or to take a relaxing holiday
Corporate travel
People travelling for business reasons, could include MICE – meetings, incentive travel, conferences and events
Incentive travel
A trip or holiday that is given to an employee for reaching their targets or for extremely good performance in their job
Day trip
Trips that do not include an overnight stay. People on day trips are not counted as tourists because they are not staying away from home.
Sole trader
A business run by a self-employed individual
Limited liability
Responsibility that is limited to some extent (such as up to a maximum amount of money)
Bankrupt
When a company is unable to pay its debts
Liable
Legally responsible for something
Private limited company
A business owned by shareholders who invest in the business in return for a share of the profits
Shareholders
The owners of the shares (either individuals or other companies)
Shares
Units of ownership of a company offered for sale to raise funds for the company
Public limited company (plc)
A business owned by shareholders that can sell shares to the public
Stock exchange
A place where shares are bought and sold
Dividend
A share of a business’s profits that is paid to a shareholder
Breaking even
When a business is making enough money to ensure that its revenue covers its costs
Public sector organisations
Organisations that are owned and funded by the government. Can be national or local level. Overarching aim is to provide value for the funding they receive.
Voluntary sector organisations
Many voluntary sector organisations are charities. They receive funding from a variety of sources. They may have paid staff but will often rely on volunteers.
Legacy
A gift of money or property given away by the owner after their death.
Tangible
Something that can be handled and touched, such as reserving a seat on a bus
Intangible
Something that is not a physical object and cannot be handled such as a safe and enjoyable journey
Transport principals
Organisations that provide customers with transport between destinations in a safe and efficient manner
Scheduled airlines
Airlines that run to a regular timetable that is changed only for the winter and summer seasons. They depart even if not all the seats have been booked. For example, British Airways, Virgin Atlantic
Charter airlines
Airlines that own and operate aircraft that is rented by other organisations such as tour operators. Might be contracted for a specific holiday season and run to a timetable set by the operator. For e.g. TUI group owns TUI Airways
Low cost airlines
Scheduled airlines that offer low prices and basic comfort by keeping costs low. For e.g. easyJet and Ryanair
Short haul flights
Under 1500km e.g. Edinburgh to Dublin
Medium haul flights
1500km – 3500km e.g. Manchester to Marrakesh
Long haul flights
Over 3500km e.g. London to New York
Economy airline ticket
Includes a baggage allowance in the price of a ticket
Premium economy airline ticket
Similar to Economy, but also includes wider seats with more legroom, a cushion and a blanket
Business airline ticket
Includes a wider seat that converts in to a flat bed, private departure lounges at airports and priority boarding
First class airline ticket
Includes a ‘personal suite’ with a seat that converts into a luxury bed, as well as luxury dining, pyjama and toiletries
Ferry operators
Companies that operate ferries. They provide safe transport for customers and their luggage between ports or ferry terminals. Companies include DFDS Seaways, P&O Ferries, Brittany Ferries
Cruises
Journeys that are taken by ship for pleasure and relaxation. The holiday destination is the cruise ship itself, which provides on-board entertainment and activities as well as all food and drink.
All-inclusive
A holiday in which the cost of most meals and activities is included in the price rather than paid for separately
A fly cruise
Customers fly to a port in another country to start their cruise from there rather than from their home country
River cruises
Customers travel by boat down a river rather than ocean going cruising
Cruise operator
A company that provides safe travel for their customers on a cruise ship. For e.g. Cunard, P&O Cruises, TUI, Fred Olsen, Saga
The channel tunnel
A rail tunnel between the UK and France that competes with ferry operators
‘Fly coach’ holidays
These specific holidays allow customers to fly to a particular country for their holiday, then transfer onto a coach to tour around the country and see the sights.
Tourist bus companies
Operate in a number of cities around the world (e.g. City Sightseeing) while others focus on rural area that are popular with tourists. These services not only provide transport but inform tourists about the city or the area that they are visiting.
Coach operators
Companies that provide coach services, these have been adapted to meet consumer needs’ and are more luxury. There are extensive coach networks in the UK offering scheduled services between towns, and also into Europe. Can be a very affordable means of transport. E.g. National Express, Eurolines
Hire car companies
Provide a range of products and services to customers, making car hire easy and convenient. E.g. Hertz, Avis, Europcar
Car ownership
Owning a car. Rates of ownership in the UK are high due to economic prosperity and an increasing population. Most domestic holidays and day trips in the UK are taken by car.
Taxis
Typically used for short journeys, for example to an airport. Tourists are most likely to use Hackney cabs which are taxis that they can flag down or pick up from a taxi rank.
Uber
IS a service that allows taxi drivers to use their own cars to provide taxi rides to Uber users, Customers book through the Uber app when they want a taxi ride, rather than pre-booking in advance. However, Uber has been criticised by traditional taxi drivers and companies.
Transport for London (tfl)
Company that runs trains in London including the London Underground and the Docklands Light Railway (DLR).
Train operating companies (TOCs)
Train operating companies that provide local and national rail services across the UK, including Virgin Trains and South Western Railway.
Eurostar
The passenger train service through the Channel Tunnel. It operates from St Pancras International in London, and Ashford and Ebbsfleet in Kent, and runs through the Channel Tunnel between Dover and Calais and on to cities in France and Belgium such as Paris, Lille and Brussels.
HS1
Eurostar runs a high-speed rail line between London and the Channel Tunnel at Dover. It is known as High Speed 1 (HS1) and is the only high-speed rail network in the UK, running trains at 140mph. It was built specifically to connect to the European high-speed network
HS2
A High Speed 2 (HS2) is being built to connect London with the Midlands and the North of England.
Crossrail development in London
Crossrail – also known as the Elizabeth line - is a new railway through London. With the capital’s population set to reach 10 million by 2030 it’s designed to improve a public transport system already struggling to cope.
The railway is the biggest infrastructure project in Europe. The 118km line includes 42km of track in new tunnels under London. It will connect the city of Reading in Berkshire and Heathrow airport in west London, to Abbey Wood in south London and Shenfield in Essex.
Transport hub
A central transport facility, such as an airport from which other transport facilities operate such as buses, coaches, trains and taxis.
Transport gateway
A place where travellers enter or leave a country or destination, including airports, seaports, railway station and coach and bus stations
Airport terminal
They provide a gateway for inbound and outbound tourists and have an important role to play in leisure and business travel. The range of facilities in major airports is huge. This includes check in, food and drink establishments, lounge facilities, shops and services such as a massage, manicure and currency exchange. In addition, many other organisations operate from each airport, such as transport and information services. These businesses and service spay rent to the airport, providing an important revenue flow and enhancing the experience of customers.
Tour operator
A business that puts together all the different components that make up a holiday and sells them as complete packages to the customer. They make contracts with the hoteliers, airlines and other transport companies to put the package together so that the customer does not have to organise them separately for themselves.
Hotelier
A person who manages a hotel
Package holiday
A pre-arranged combination of transport, accommodation and other tourist services
Mass market tour operators
Have dominated the outbound market for years. They are known as ‘mass market’ because they sell similar holidays in packages that appeal to the majority of holiday makers e.g. TUI
Tailor made or dynamic packages
Customers build their own holiday by selecting the different components separately. These are covered by the Package Holiday Directive (2018)
The Package Holiday Directive (2018)
New regulations that clearly define the different purchase options that are defined as a ‘package holiday’ and therefore offering the protection that package holidays should for the customer.
Special interest tour operators
Operators that specialise in selling package holidays to particular destinations, or for particular activities, e.g. safaris. They are often able to tailor-make holidays for individual customers and operate in a niche market.
Niche market
A small specialist market, unlike a mass market
Travel agents
Businesses that arrange the details of a holiday on behalf of customers. They normally specialise in leisure travel such as holidays, but some also cater for business travel customers. The travel agent acts as a middleman between customer and the tour operator. E.gs. of travel agents include STA Travel, Co-operative Travel, Trailfinders.
Franchise
When someone buys the right to sell a business’s products or services under the business’s brand name.
Commission
An amount of money paid to an agent for every sale that they make (often a percentage of the total value of the sale)
Transfer
The transport provided as part of the holiday package from airport or port to accommodation.
Visa
A travel document giving a traveller permission to stay in a country for a certain amount of time.
Excursion
A short trip taken as a leisure activity
Catered accommodation
Accommodation where meals are offered and guests’ rooms are cleaned for them. E.g. hotels, guest houses and bed and breakfasts
Self-catered accommodation
Accommodation where guests look after themselves and do their own cleaning, shopping and cooking. E.g. log cabins and chalets, rented apartments, holiday cottages, gites (in France), motels or aparthotels, narrowboats, boats, static caravans, towing caravans, tents, yurts, tepees.
Static caravan
Fixed caravan in one place
Yurt
A form of round tent traditionally used in Mongolia and Siberia
Tepee
A form of conical tent traditionally used by American Indians
Glamping
A luxury form of camping, people can stay in luxury tents, including yurts and tepees with amenities such as beds and bathrooms, and a wood burner and cooking facilities!
Trade associations
Organisations that give input on tourism strategies and industry policies, provide information and support to their members and customers. They will often lobby governments for changes in policy to help their members and customers. ABTA, AITO
ABTA
Association of British Travel Agents. It represents travel agents and tour operators.
ANTOR
Association of National Tourist Office Representatives. It represents and lobbies on behalf o the world’s tourist offices such as VisitBritain.
AITO
Association of Independent Tour Operators. It represents specialist tour operators.
CAA
Civil Aviation Authority. This organisation regulates UK aviation. It is a statutory body that issues Air Travel Organisers’ Licences (ATOLs). Tour operators that offer air-inclusive packages are required by law to be ATOL protected. These bonds protect air travellers and tourists on package holidays from losing money or being stranded abroad if air travel firms go out of business.
IATA
International Air Transport Association. This represents around 265 of the world’s airlines.
DCMS
Department for Culture, Media and Sport. The government department that is responsible for tourism in the UK. It aims to protect and promote the UK’s cultural heritage, help businesses and communities, an promote Britain as a place to visit.
FCO
Foreign and Commonwealth Office. It is a government department that advises on where it is safe to travel and gives the current situation on security in countries all over the world. It also repatriates travellers who have been stranded abroad.
Lobby
To try to influence an organisation or government to change something
Arbitration
The process of settling a dispute through a third party such as an industry regulator
Statutory
Created or required by statute (written law passed by government)
Repatriation
Returning something or someone back to its home
Distribution channels
The ways in which businesses and organisations get products to customers.
Economies of scale
Cost savings made by doing things in larger numbers or volumes, such as buying in bulk
Horizontal integration
When a business buys or merges with another business of the same type
Vertical integration
When a business buys or merges with a business that performs a different role in the same industry to control the distribution channel
Animatronics
The use of lifelike robots, usually for entertainment
Augmented reality
Using digital technology to overlay images over a person’s view of the world, providing a combined view of reality and computer- generated images
Binaural
Sound recorded using two microphones and transmitted to each ear individually to produce a 3D effect
Haptic
Relating to the sense of touch
Global distribution systems (GDS)
An IT system that enables travel and tourism businesses to interact with other businesses, such as airlines and hotels, to compare different options and book travel arrangements for customers.
Tourist arrivals
The number of visitors to a destination
Tour generators
Countries that produce outbound tourists
Tourism receipts
The amount of money that tourists spend in their destination country
Balance of payments
A measure of the economic transactions between the UK and the rest of the world, showing the difference between exports and imports
Gross domestic product (GDP)
The value of all the goods and services produced by a country within a given period of time
Person specification
A document that describes the features of a good candidate for a particular role, such as qualifications, experience, knowledge and skills
Positive multiplier effect (PME)
The additional revenue, income or employment created in an area as a result of tourism expenditure
Negative multiplier effect (NME)
The losses in income and employment created in an area as a result of decreases in tourism
Leakages
The amount of money that leaves an economy for products and services purchased from other countries (this money therefore does not benefit the first nation’s economy).
Board
The meals provided with a tourist’s chosen accommodation
Differentiation
Elements of a product or service that make it different from other on the market and therefore attractive to customers
Public relations (PR)
The maintenance of a positive public opinion of something, such as a business or a destination
Financial quarter
A quarter of a year or three months
Disposable income
The amount of money left over from a person’s wages after they have paid tax and necessary expenses, such as rent and food bills
Exchange rates
The amount of money that one currency is worth in another currency
Recession
A recession is when there is a significant decline in the production of goods and services, employment and income for longer than two financial quarters in a row
Economic growth
The economy is growing when there is a positive change in the production of goods and services over time
Fuel hedging
An agreement to purchase fuel at a predetermined price for a specified future time period
Demographics
Statistical data relating to the population, such as average age and average income
Baby boomers
The generation of people born between 1946 and 1964
Grey market
Older people with substantial disposable income
Multi-generational
A family containing multiple generations, such as children, parents, grandparents and even great-grandparents
Pro-rata
Latin for proportional
Hipster holidays
Holidays to the more unusual tourist destinations, such as Iran, where tourists can go skiing and visit UNESCO World Heritage sites
Legislation
Set of laws made official by Parliament
Deregulation
The process of removing legal restrictions on the operation of an industry to allow greater competition, with the intention of ensuring greater efficiency and reduced prices for customers
Duty of care
Moral or legal responsibility for the safety of a person or group of people
Air passenger duty (APD)
A tax paid by airline passengers to the government, collected when the passenger purchases their ticket from the airline
Epidemic
An outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads rapidly and widely within an area
Pandemic
A global epidemic of an infectious disease
Responsible/sustainable tourism
Tourism that aims to do 4 things. Minimise any negative economic, environmental and cultural impacts on the tourist destination. Create economic benefits for local people and improve their quality of life. Promote the conservation of the natural landscape and local cultural heritage. Promote respect between tourists and local people.
