Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Theme 1 > Flashcards

Theme 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What are the four main parts to a city

A

CBD, Inner city, suburbs ( inner suburbs ), rural-urban fringe ( outer suburbs )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the land use in the CBD

A

High land values, shops, offices, transport routes meets, with high building density and competition for space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the land use in the Inner city

A

poorer quality housing (tower block), old industrial buildings, new housing where derelict land has been cleared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the land use in the Suburbs

A

Housing areas where land is cheaper, middle families living here, less crime and pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the land use in the rural-urban fringe

A

fewer, larger houses, farms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the inner city land use differ in some major cities such as France and Italy

A

there tends to be more wealthier middle class people living there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What main type of issues spawn from urbanisation

A

social and environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cities in richer countires have what problems

A

shortage of quality housing, run down CBDs, traffic congestion and pollution, ethnic segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 3 ways housing shortages have been tackled

A

Urban renewal schemes, New towns, relocation incentives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Urban renewal schemes

A

This is a government strategies where they encourage investment in housing, services and employment, eg dockland development in Liverpool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe New towns ( in context of tackling housing shortages )

A

New towns house overspill populations from existing towns and cities, Milton-keynes being a good example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe relocation incentives

A

used to encourage people to live in large council houses or live in the city, freeing up houses in urban areas for people such as working families.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are some CBDs run down

A

Out of town shopping centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what 4 steps are taken to attract people back to CBDs

A

pedestrianising areas, improving access, converting derelict warehouses and docks, improving public areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name an example of government investment for improving the CBD

A

London docklands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the housing tenure like in the CBD

A

Owner occupied, Privately rented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the housing tenure like in the Inner City

A

Owner occupied, Privately rented, Council rented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the housing tenure like in the Inner Suburbs

A

Owner occupied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the housing tenure like in the outer suburbs

A

Owner occupied, council rented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Housing types in the CBD

A

Apartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Housing types in the Inner city

A

Tower blocks, old terraces, modern town houses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Housing types in inner suburbs

A

mixed detached and semi-detached housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Housing types in the outer suburbs

A

Large detached, tower blocks, low rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Explain why terraced housing may decrease quality of life

A

Can be cramped , lack a front garden so child must play in the street

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Explain why tower blocks may decrease quality of life

A

They are cramped, noisy, inconvenient when lifts are broke and means old people struggle getting home, community feel is lost as socialising is restricted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Explain why being closer to the CBD may decrease quality of life

A

Being close to the CBD means experiencing traffic and therefore more air pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Explain why unemployment in the area, IN THE AREA, is bad

A

Higher chance of people being on the street causing crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Explain why high level of immigration may decrease quality of life

A

More strain and pressure on doctors and schools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Explain why this immigration is good

A

Means that there is multi-ethnic community and diverse culture being more exciting services and things to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Explain why having detached and semi-detached housing increases quality of life

A

Children have more safer places to play

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Explain why most homes being owned improves quality of life

A

People dont need to rely on a landlord if there are problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Explain why being on the edge of a city (london) improves quality of life

A

Less congestion means less traffic and less air pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Explain why fewer people improves quality of life

A

Less strain on schools, doctors and other services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Explain why more employed people improves quality of life

A

Less crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where is Barcelona situated

A

North east Spain on the Mediterranean coastline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What part of the city is tower hamlets located

A

Inner city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What part of London is Havering located

A

Suburbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why might immigrants, immigrate

A

To improve standard and quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is meant by standard of life

A

Quantitative, measures wealth and comfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is meant by quality of life

A

Qualitative, is made up of intangible elements, which can vary from person to person, and usually encompass happiness and self-sufficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where do most the migrants in Barcelona come from

A

Muslim nations such as Pakistan and Morocco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Where do the Muslims live in Barcelona

A

the centre of the city in the ciutat Vela, in an area known as El Ravel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Why do they live in this area (3 reasons)

A

Because when they move there, they are generally poor, and the accommodation in this area is cheaper. Also there are people of a similar background and they need services to suit them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What services cater specifically to these Muslims (5)

A

Cinemas and videos rentals specialising in Muslim films, Halal butchers, Places offering cheap international calls, Shops selling clothes suited to their culture, Mosques for them to worship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Why are the mosques all clustered around El Ravel

A

The muslims are poor and cannot afford to travel long distances

46
Q

How does richer people having access to transport affect the access to their services

A

The services the rich people need are not as clustered as they have the transport and means of getting there, eg, country clubs

47
Q

Corner shops popularly appear in which part of cities

A

Inner cities

48
Q

What is the sphere of influence

A

How far people are willing to travel to reach the service in question

49
Q

What is a threshold (in the context of theme 1)

A

The minimum number of people required by a shop to make a profit

50
Q

What are low order goods

A

These are things we need to use and buy frequently

51
Q

What are high order goods

A

These are things be buy infrequently

52
Q

Describe the location of Worcester

A

Worcestershire, West Midlands, UK
20 miles south of Birmingham
River Severn runs through the city

53
Q

What is the approximate population of Worcester

A

100,000

54
Q

Why was the CBD used/visited frequently in past

A

People living in the inner city could easily walk there

55
Q

Why was the CBD less popular in the 1990s

A

Blackpool retail park, meant less traffic to access it, large free car parks, bigger ranges of products in closer area, not affected by weather

56
Q

How is the CBD being regenerated

A

Cheap/free parking schemes, new St Martins Gate corner, also just for pedestrians during day to prevent accidents

57
Q

How does more cars discourage people from shopping in the city (4 reasons)

A

More air pollution damaging health, more road accidents, air pollution damages buildings, more traffic jams and congestion

58
Q

What are the solutions to cars discouraging people from shopping in the shopping centre (4)

A

Improving public transport, encourages people to use it instead of cars; Increasing car parking fees, so people use public transport instead; Bus priority lanes; pedestrianisation

59
Q

Why is there often ethnic segregation ( 3 reasons )

A

People prefer to live with people of the same background; people live near services that are important to their culture; people of the same background are often restricted in where they can live

60
Q

Why is it that some people of the same ethnicity are restricted to where they can live?

A

Lack of money

61
Q

What 4 strategies are there to ensure that there is equal access to services

A

Printing signs, leaflets in multiple languages; Improving communication between all parts of the community; Providing interpreters at places like hospitals; Making sure there are suitable services for different cultures

62
Q

In what type of nations in urbanisation occurring fastest

A

LEDCs

63
Q

Why do poorer people move from rural to urban areas ( 3 reasons )

A

Theres often a shortage of services, people believe standard of living is better (which in most cases is not) and there are more jobs

64
Q

Why do richer people move from rural to urban areas ( 2 reasons )

A

People move from farms to towns for work, people who moved away from the inner city in the later 20th century are no encouraged to move back

65
Q

What problems does urbanisation arise ( 4 )

A

lack of housing and jobs, sanitation and transport cannot cope with population size, young population, spontaneous settlements

66
Q

What are the problems for the country side (Push factors) ( 5 )

A

aging population, fewer extended families, continued poverty, economic stagnation, little investment

67
Q

What is a push factor

A

Things that make people want to leave

68
Q

What is a pull factor

A

Things that make people want to move to the place in question

69
Q

What is counter-urbanisation

A

the process by which people move away from the major cities to smaller settlements, often villages ( in MEDCs )

70
Q

What causes forced migration

A

Natural disasters, war, overpopulating causing lack of resources, discrimination and governmental schemes

71
Q

What is an emigrant

A

Someone who leaves a country

72
Q

What is an immigrant

A

Someone who enters a country

73
Q

Push factors for urbanisation

A

Not enough jobs, lack of investment, few opportunities, lack of food, political fears, modern machinery means fewer farmers needed, poor facilities, crop failure

74
Q

Pull factors for urbanisation

A

More jobs, better housing, better services such as schools hospitals, entertainment, longer life expectancy

75
Q

What is a squatter settlement

A

Settlements built illegally, predominantly by people who cannot afford proper housing

76
Q

What are the characteristics of squatter settlements

A

Badly built, lack basic services, overcrowded

77
Q

What 3 ways to improve squatter settlements

A

Self-help schemes, Site and service schemes, local authority schemes

78
Q

what is meant by self-help scheme (in context of favelas)

A

Government and the local people working together to improve life where the government can supply materials for better housing

79
Q

What is meant by site and service schemes (in context of favelas)

A

People pay a small amount of rent for a site and they can borrow money to buy building materials to build or improve a house on their plot.

80
Q

What is meant by local authority schemes (in context of favelas)

A

The local government fund temporary accommodation

81
Q

Where is Rio De Janeiro

A

South-east Brazil.

82
Q

What are the social improvements of the Bairro project ( 3 )

A

Adult education classes, to improves adult literacy; Daycare centres to look after children while their parents work; services to help people affected by mental issues such as addictions

83
Q

What are the Economic improvements of the Bairro project ( 3 )

A

residents can now to legally own their properties; training schemes help people to learn new skills to find better better jobs and get paid more

84
Q

What are the enviromental improvements of the Bairro project ( 3 )

A

Replacement of wooden buildings and the removal of homes of dangerous slopes; widening and paving the streets to allow for better access; provision of basic services such as electricity

85
Q

What are the the push factors of Catinga

A

disease is widespread ( water borne and insects contain parasites ); medical services are far away; village life hard with little pay; Access to schoosl difficult, literacy rates low

86
Q

What are the pull factor(s) of Rio De Janeiro

A

Better employment

87
Q

What are the negative affects on Catinga of people leaving

A

Better educated leave, less skills in Catinga, farms are harder to manage with less people, business could close

88
Q

What are the posiative affects on Catinga of people leaving

A

Some people benefit from remittances (money sent from Rio)

89
Q

What are the problems with the favelas in Rio

A

Rio is overcrowded and there is not enough housing, Crime is very apparent, traffic is spawned often meaning there is severe congestion, lots of pollution bad for peoples health, working illegally in the informal sector pays no tax

90
Q

Describe the Barra da Tijuca town predicament

A

A new town 20km up the coast from Rio more wealthy people moved into the next available flat land

91
Q

Name 5 reasons for counter-urbanisation

A

Growth in transport and communications means people can live further away; government policies encourage moving out of cities; New out of city business parks mean people can work out of the city; pollution and traffic pushes people away; People move to nicer areas when they retire

92
Q

Why is counter-urbansisation bad for local people

A

Local become more isolated losing community spirit

93
Q

What effects does development in the rural-urban fringe have

A

More traffic here, People living there may feel extra housing and buildings ruin area, farmers may be forced to sell their land, Wildlife habitats can be destroyed

94
Q

Why might people want to live in villages and commute to work in urban areas

A

Nicer environment, less crime, pollution and noise

95
Q

What is a commuter village

A

One that has many commuters

96
Q

Where is ambleside

A

Is a small town in the lake district national park.

97
Q

Why is ambleside so accessible to tourists

A

It is 30km from the M6

98
Q

Why is tourism good

A

Tourism provides jobs and businesses, ensures roads and public services are maintained

99
Q

Why does traffic congestion pose a problem to the local people of ambleside ( although apply elsewhere )

A

Traffic congestion means commutes are long, and parking is even more difficult, tourists block the roads, pedestrians find it difficult to walk around roads and it is less enjoyable when there are fumes and lots of noise

100
Q

What are the solutions to traffic in ambleside

A

One way system in ambleside installed. Tourists encouraged to use public transport and take walks

101
Q

Why do second homes pose a problem to the local people of ambleside ( although apply elsewhere )

A

They prevent locals to afford their own homes, meaning they must move away

102
Q

What are the solutions to second homes in ambleside

A

Increase of council tax on homes whihc are only used fro a few weeks or rented out

103
Q

Why does too many people pose a problem to the local people of ambleside ( although apply elsewhere )

A

Walking on popular walks may cause footpath erosion

104
Q

What are the solutions too many people in ambleside

A

people encouraged to use different routes and old paths paved

105
Q

Why does seasonal tourism pose a problem to the local people of ambleside ( although apply elsewhere )

A

This means high unemployment in seasons such as winter

106
Q

What are the solutions seasonal tourism in ambleside

A

Encourage hotels to offer cut prices in winter and council pays for Christmas lights

107
Q

Why is lake windermere a problem

A

There are many different groups of people wanting to use the lake for different reasons

108
Q

What are the solutions to the lake winderemere predicament

A

divide the lake into zones

109
Q

Why is disruption to farmers a problem

A

tourists leave gates open meaning sheep may wander about

110
Q

what are the solution(s) to disruption to farmers

A

raise awareness of the problem using signs

Geography (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions