Holderness Flashcards
Where is Holderness
East coast of Yorkshire UK
How fast is the erosion there
Fastest in Europe: 2 m per year
What 2 defenses have been installed at Mappleton
Rock groynes, Rip rap or rock Armour
What are the 4 forms of erosion
1/ Hydraulic action
2/ Abrasion
3/ Corrosion
4/ Attrition
Describe Hydraulic action
Power waves attack the cliffs and compressed air weakens the rock and forces it to break up
Describe Abrasion
Abrasion. Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper.
Describe Corrosion
The water may react with certain chemicals and minerals in some rocks and they will be dissolved
Describe Attrition
Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother.
What is an example of long shore drift on the Holderness coast
Spurn point, which is a spit. Around 3% of the Holderness coast is deposited here each year
What is a name for the wearing away of coastlines
Natural retreat
What risks / effects can not putting sea defenses have ( 3 )
1/ Puts caravan parks at risk
2/ Farm land can be and has been lost
3/ some house can be and have been lost
How could human actions increase coastal erosion
Using groynes means beaches further down are narrower and easier to wear away
what are the holderness cliffs made from
soft glacial material (boulder clay) which is easily worn away
Name the main reasons the holderness coastline is eroding at the rate it is ( 6 )
1/ the cliffs are made up of the soft glacial material
2/ the coastline is exposed to long fetched waves over the North Sea
3/ The waves have lots of force causing hydraulic action
4/ Most material eroded is washed away and the rest is moved by LSD so the coastline becomes narrower and become easier to erode
5/ Coastline threatened by sea level rise
6/ attempts to stop it one place may cause problems elsewhere
Why does a thicker coastline slow down erosion
The waves would brake on the beaches losing some of their force
