The World in WWII Flashcards
One of Europe’s first ____ arose in _____.
Dictators, Italy
In 1919 ____ _______ founded Italy’s _____ _________.
Benito Mussolini, Fascist Movement
_____ was an aggressive nationalistic movement that considered the nation more important than the individual.
Fascism
_______ believed that order in society and national greatness came through a dictator who led a strong ________ and built an ______.
Fascists, government, empire
Fascism was also strongly ___-______.
Anti-communist
He was backed by the ______, a Fascist militia.
Blackshirts
Mussolini took the title of __ ____.
Il Duce
After the Russian Revolution, the Communist Party, led by _______ _____, created the ____ __ ____ ______ _____ ( ? ) in 1922.
Vladimir Lenin, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR )
After Lenin died in 1924, ______ ____ came to power.
Joseph Stalin
Family farms were combined and turned into ________ - were government owned farms.
Collective
_____ _____ was a fervant nationalistic who hated the Allies and the German government that has accepted their peace terms ending WWI.
Adolf Hitler
Hitler became the leader of the ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ or ____ _____. They were also ____-_____.
National Socialist German Workers Party, Nazi , anti-semitic
While Hitler was in prison, he wrote ___ _____, in which he claimed that Germans, particularly blond, blue-eyed Germans, belonged to a “master race” called ______.
Mein Kampf, Aryans
Hitler blamed the ____ for many of the world’s problems, especially for Germany’s defeat in WWI.
Jews
Hitler focused on getting Nazis elected to the ________, the lower house of the German parliament.
Reichstag
After taking office, Hitler called for new elections and had _____ _______, the Nazi parliamentary units, to intimidate voters.
Storm Troopers
Hitler then gave himself the new title of ___ _____, or “___ ______”.
Der Fuhrer, The Leader
Like Germany, difficult economic times helped to undermine the _______ government.
Japanese
Many Japanese military officers blamed the country’s problems on corrupt _______.
Politicians
They believed that Japan was destined to dominate ____ ____ and that straying from _______ _____ corrupted the country.
East Asia, traditional beliefs
In 1931, Japan invaded the resource-rich region of northern China known as ________.
Manchuria
Emperor Hirohiot’s prime minister asked Minister of War ______ _____to withdraw some troops from _____.
Hideki Tojo, China
The Japanese army swept through ____, in 1937 invaded _______, destroying the city and killing _____of its residents.
China, Nanking, 300k
The invasion of Nanking became known as the “___ __ ______”.
Rape of Nanking
Rather than enforce the treaty by going to war, European leaders tried to negotiate with Hitler. : They wanted to avoid a repeat of ___. ; Some thought most of Hitler’s demands were reasonable, including his demand that ______- speaking regions be ______. ; Many people assumed that the _____ would want peace once they gained more territory.
WWI, German, united, Nazis
In late 1937, Hitler called for the unification of all German- speaking people, including those in ______ and __________ - spell this right for a bonus on test.
Austria, Czechoslovakia
Fearing the outcome, Hitler sent troops into Austria and announced the _______, or ________, of Austria and Germany.
Anschluss, unification
At the ______ ________, on September 29, 1938, Britain and France agreed to Hitler’s demands, a policy that became known as __________.
Munich Conference, appeasement
__________ is giving in to unjust demands in order to avoid all-out conflict and it failed to preserve peace.
Appeasement
In 1939, Germany invaded _________ and divided the country.
Czechoslovakia
_______ became independent in name, but it was under German control.
Slovakia
Hitler demanded the city of ______ to be returned to German control a month after the Munich Conference.
Danzig
When German officials proposed a ___-______ _____ to the Soviets, Stalin agreed.
Non- aggression treaty
The Germans used a new type of warfare called _______, or “_____ ___.”
Blitzkrieg, lightning war
________ used massed tanks, combined with the waves of aircraft and paratroopers, to break through and encircle enemy positions.
Blitzkrieg
The Germans crossed the ______ _____ of _______and eastern ______ and smashed the British and French troops waiting on them.
Ardennes Mountains, Luxembourg, Belgium
German troops backed the _____ forces toward the ______ _______.
Allied, English Channel
June 4, an estimated _____ British and French troops had been saved during the “_____ ___ _____.”
338k, Miracle at Dunkirk
Shortly after, Hitler ordered the German air force, the _______, to begin attacking British ships in the English Channel.
Luftwaffe
In August, 1940, the Luftwaffe battled the British Royal Air Force in what became known as the ______ __ _____.
Battle of Britain
Britain’s use of _____ gave it an extreme advantage.
Radar
Many Americans once again began supporting ________ and trying to avoid involvement in international conflicts.
Isolationism
In 1934, Senator _____ __ ____ held hearings to investigate these allegations.
Gerald P. Nye
The ____ _______ report documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war and had created the impression that these businesses influenced the decision to go to war.
Nye Committee
Eventually, this would lead to Congress passing the ________ ___ __ ____, this act made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war.
Neutrality Act of 1935
_____, _____, and ________ would become known as the ____ powers.
Japan, Italy, Germany, Axis
As European tensions worsened, Congress passed the ________ ____ __ ____, continuing the ban on selling arms to warring nations and requiring them to buy all non-military supplies from the US on a “___-___-____” basis.
Neutrality Act of 1937, cash-and-carry
In July 1937, FDR would go against the ______ ___of 1937 and supply arms to China claiming that we should not allow an “_____ __ _______” infect the world.
Neutrality Act, Epidemic of lawlessness
______would test American _______when in 1940 they asked for old American ________ to replenish their fleet.
Britain, neutrality, destroyers
Roosevelt would use a loop hole thus sending __ ships to Britain in exchange for America’s use of British _____in the ______.
50, bases, Atlantic
The _____ ___ _______ _______ wanted the repeal of the neutrality laws and stronger actions against Germany.
Fight for Freedom Committee
The _______ _____ _______ opposed any intervention to help the Allies.
America First Committee
In 1940, FDR listed the ____ _______ that the US and Britain stood for: freedom of _____, freedom of ______, freedom ____ ____, freedom _____ ____.
Four Freedoms, speech, worship, from want, from fear
FDR proposed the ____-_____ ___, which allowed the United States to lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States.”
Lend- Lease Act
The ____________ _____ ____ declared that the entire western half of the Atlantic was part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral.
Hemispheric defense zone
In August 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill met and developed the _______ _______.
Atlantic Charter
The ______ _______ committed both nations to a postwar world of democracy, progression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas.
Atlantic Charter
______ depended on the US for many key materials, including ____ ____ and especially ___.
Japan, scrap iron, oil
________ _________ were items important for fighting a war.
Strategic materials
In 1941, FDR began sending ___-____ aid to C____ and R______.
Lend-lease, China, Russia
July 1941, Roosevelt froze all J_______ assets in the US, reduce the ___ shipments to J______, and sent M______ to the P_______ to build up American defenses there.
Japanese, oil, Japan, MacArthur, Philippines
American _________ had decoded ________messages that made it clear that ______ was preparing to go to war against the US.
Intelligence, Japanese, Japan
November 27, American commanders at _____ _____ naval base received a war warning from ________ __, but it did not mention Hawaii as a possible target.
Pearl Harbor, Washington D.C.
Japan’s surprise attack happened on _______ __, _____.
December 7, 1941
_____ battleships, ____ cruisers, ___ destroyers, and ____ other vessels were sunk or damaged.
8, 3, 3, 4
The ______ voted 82 to 0 and the _____ voted 388 to 1 to declare war on Japan.
Senate, House
____ underestimated the strategy of the US, which was to view _______ as the larger threat but fight the Japanese with the ___ ____.
Hitler, Germany, US Navy
On December 11, ______ and _____ both declared war on the US.
Germany, Italy
The _______ was the mass extermination of the millions of European Jews.
Holocaust
The Hebrew term for Holocaust is _____, meaning “______”.
Shoah, catastrophe
________ _____ were where men, women, and children were sent to be executed.
Extermination camps
_______ ____ was a camp where persons are detained or confined.
Concentration camp
Prominent Jewish emigrants included business people like ____ _____, who resettled his family in _______ in 1933, where his daughter ____ ____ wrote her well-known diary.
Otto Frank, Amsterdam, Anne Frank
On January 20, 1942, Nazi leaders met at the _____ ________ to coordinate the “final solution of the Jewish question.”
Wannsee Conference
The ________ ___ took citizenship away from Jewish Germans and banned marriage between Jews and other Germans.
Nuremburg Laws
