Roosevelt and the New Deal : 1/20/15 Flashcards

1
Q

A distant cousin of _______ ______, _______ _____ ______ grew up in _____ ____, __.

A

Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Hyde Park, NY

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2
Q

Roosevelt was educated at _______ and then at _______ ___ _____.

A

Harvard, Columbia Law School

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3
Q

While at Harvard, he became friends with Theodore’s niece, ______, whom he later married.

A

Eleanor

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4
Q

Roosevelt began his political career in ____ and he was elected to the ___ ____ ____ _____.

A

1910, New York State Senate

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5
Q

Roosevelt later became ______ ______ of the ____ in the ______ ________.

A

Assistant secretary of the navy, Wilson Administration

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6
Q

In 1921, ____ caught the paralyzing disease _____.

A

FDR, polio

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7
Q

By the mid 1920s, ___ was again active in politics becoming _____ of ___ ___ in 1928.

A

FDR, governor, New York

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8
Q

From that point forward, Roosevelt’s policies for ending the _____ ______ became known as the ___ ____.

A

Great Depression, New Deal

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9
Q

People feared that Roosevelt would abandon the ___ ______ and reduce the value of the _____ to fight the _________.

A

Gold standard, dollar, Depression

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10
Q

Under the ____ _______, one ounce of gold equaled a set number of dollars.

A

Gold standard

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11
Q

In ___ states, governors declared ___ _____ - the act of closing the remaining banks before bank runs could run them out of business.

A

38, bank holidays

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12
Q

Between _____ __ and ____ __ _____, which came to be called the _______-___, Congress passed __ major acts to resolve the economic crisis. These programs made up what would be called the ____ ___ ____.

A

March 9, June 6, 1933, Hundred-Days, 15, First New Deal

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13
Q

The _____ group was inspired by Teddy Roosevelt’s “ ____ _________.”

A

First, New Nationalism

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14
Q

One group supported the belief that if government agencies worked with ________ to regulate _____, ______, and ________, they could lift the economy out of the Depression.

A

Businesses, wages, prices, production

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15
Q

The _______ group distrusted big business and felt business caused the Depression and wanted government planners to run key parts of the economy.

A

Second

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16
Q

A _____ group supported Wilson’s “____ ______” philosophy. They wanted ________ to break up big ________ and allow ________ to set _____, _______, and ________ levels.

A

Third, New Freedom, Roosevelt, companies, competition, wages, prices, production

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17
Q

Within a week of his taking office, the ______ _____ _____ ___ was passed. The new law required federal examiners to survey the nation’s _____ and issue ________ ________ ______ to those that were financially sound.

A

Emergency Banking Relief Act, Banks, Treasure Department licenses

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18
Q

On March 12, Roosevelt addressed the nation by radio known as “ ______ ____.”

A

Fireside chats

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19
Q

FDR supported the _______ ____ ___ _____ and the _____- _____ _______ ___.

A

Securities Act of 1933, Glass- Steagall Banking Act

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20
Q

The ________ ___ required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors.

A

Securities Act

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21
Q

The ________ ___ _____ _______ ( ? ) was created to regulate the stock market and stop fraud.

A

Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC )

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22
Q

The _____- ______ ___ separated ______ banking from ________ banking.

A

Glass- Steagall Act, commercial, investment

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23
Q

_______ ___ handle everyday transactions and could no longer risk depositor’s money through stock speculation.

A

Commercial banks

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24
Q

The _____- _____ ___ also created the ______ _____ _______ ______ ( ? ).

A

Glass- Steagall Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ( FDIC )

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25
Q

The _____ provides government insurance for bank deposits.

A

FDIC

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26
Q

The _____ _____ ____ _______ bought the mortgages of home owners who were behind in their payments.

A

Home Owner’s Loan Corporation

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27
Q

It then restructured the loans with longer _________ terms and ______ ______ ____.

A

Repayment, lower interest rates

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28
Q

The ____ _____ ________ ( ? ) helped farmers refinance their mortgages.

A

Farm Credit Administration ( FCA )

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29
Q

To help the nation’s farmers, Congress passed the ______ ______ ___.

A

Agricultural Adjustment Act

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30
Q

Under this act, the government’s ___ would pay farmer’s not to raise certain livestock, grow certain crops, and produce dairy products.

A

AAA

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31
Q

Thousands of _____ _____, many _____ _____, lost their jobs and home when landlords took their fields out of production.

A

Tenant farmers, African American

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32
Q

The ________ _____ ____ built dams to control floods, conserve forest lands, and bring electricity to rural areas. : _____ Dam, ______ Dam, _________ Dam.

A

Tennessee Valley Authority, Wilson Dam, Wheeler Dam, Guntersville Dam.

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33
Q

The ______ _____ ___ ( ? ) suspended antitrust laws and allowed business, labor, and government to cooperate with rules or codes of fair competition, for each industry.

A

National Recovery Act ( NRA )

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34
Q

The ____ would be declared _____________ in 1935.

A

NRA, unconstitutional

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35
Q

The most highly praised New Deal work relief program was the _______ _________ ____ ( ? ).

A

Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC )

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36
Q

The ___ offered unemployed young men ___-___ years old the opportunity to work under the direction of the ________ service p______ t_____, f_______ f_____ f____, and b______ r______.

A

CCC, 18-25, forestry, planting trees, fighting fires, building reservoirs

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37
Q

The young men lived in camps near their work areas and earned $__ a month, $__ of which was sent directly to their families.

A

30, 25

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38
Q

The average CCC worker returned home after __ to __ months.

A

6, 12

39
Q

The CCC also taught more than ____ of their recruits to read and write.

A

40 k

40
Q

In 1933, FDR added ________ veterans to the CCC as well.

A

250000

41
Q

_______ _______ ____ ________ ( ? ) gave money to state and local agencies to fund their relief projects.

A

Federal Emergency Relief Administration ( FERA )

42
Q

______ ____, a former social worker, would run FERA.

A

Harry Hopkins

43
Q

In June 1933, Congress authorized the ____ ____ _______ ( ? ).

A

Public Works Administration ( PWA )

44
Q

___ ____ of the nation’s _______ were in the ______ industry.

A

One third, unemployed, construction

45
Q

The ___ began building h_____, d____, s_____, and other g_______ f_____.

A

PWA, highways, dams, schools, government facilities

46
Q

The ___ also insisted that ______ not discriminate against ______ _____.

A

PWA, contractors, African Americans

47
Q

FDR authorized ______ to set up the _____ ____ _________ ( ? ).

A

Hopkins, Civil Works Administration

48
Q

Hiring workers directly, the ____ employed __ _____ people, including ______ women.

A

CWA, 4 million, 300,000

49
Q

The agency built or improved _____ a______, ______ miles of r_____, _____ s_____ buildings, and _____ p______ and p____.

A

1000 airports, 500,000 miles of roads, 40,000 school buildings, 3500 playgrounds and parks.

50
Q

The program spent $ __ _____ in just __ months.

A

1 billion, 5

51
Q

The most important change was in the ____ of the _____ ____.

A

Spirit, American people

52
Q

______’s actions had inspired ___ and restored American’s ____ in their nation.

A

Roosevelt, hope, faith

53
Q

The ____ wing had long believed that the New Deal regulated _____ too tightly. Also increased its opposition as Roosevelt started _____ _____.

A

Right, business, deficit spending

54
Q

_____ ______ is a governmental practice of spending, borrowed money rather than raising taxes, usually in an attempt to boost the economy.

A

Deficit spending

55
Q

Some on the ___ wing believed that the New Deal had not gone far enough.

A

Left

56
Q

____ ____, governor of _______, championed the poor. He improved s______, c______, and h______ and built r____and b_____ in LA.

A

Huey Long, Louisiana, schools, colleges, hospitals, roads, bridges

57
Q

In 1934, Huey Long established the ______ ___ _____ _____.

A

Share Our Wealth Society

58
Q

FDR also faced a challenge from a Catholic priest and radio host, ______ _____ ______.

A

Father Charles Coughlin

59
Q

Coughlin called for _______ the _______ and __________ the ______ _____.

A

Inflating, currency, nationalizing, banking system

60
Q

In 1934, Coughlin organized the ______ ____ for _____ ______, which some Democrats feared would become a third party.

A

National Union for Social Justice

61
Q

A third challenge came from a California physician, _____ ______.

A

Francis Townsend

62
Q

Townsend proposed that the federal government pay citizens over the age __ a pension of $___ a month.

A

60, 200

63
Q

In 1935, FDR launched a series of programs known as the ______ ___ ____, to generate greater economic recovery.

A

Second New Deal

64
Q

_____ ______ ________ ( ? ), was the largest public works program of the Great Depression.

A

Works Progress Administration ( WPA )

65
Q

The most controversial program of the New Deal was nested inside the WPA and was known as the ______ ______ ___. This program financed artists, musicians, theater people, and writers.

A

Federal Number One

66
Q

When the Supreme Court struck down the ___, it also invalidated the section of the ____ that gave workers the right to ______.

A

NRA, NIRA, organize

67
Q

In July 1933, Congress passed the ______ ____ _____ ___, also called the ______ ___. This act guaranteed workers the right to unionize and bargain collectively.

A

National Labor Relations Act, Wagner Act

68
Q

The _____ ______ ___ provided some financial security for older Americans, unemployed workers, and others.

A

Social Security Act

69
Q

Workers earned the right to receive benefits because they paid ______ ____ to the federal government, just as they paid premiums in buying a life insurance policy.

A

Special taxes

70
Q

Some critics did not like the fact that the money came from ____ ____.

A

Payroll taxes

71
Q

The core of Social Security was the _____ _______ _____, which people collected when they stopped working at age 65.

A

Monthly retirement benefit

72
Q

At first, Social Security left out many of the neediest Americans, such as ____ and ______ _____.

A

Farm and domestic workers

73
Q

______ _______ established the principle that the federal government should be responsible for those who, through no fault of their own, were unable to work.

A

Social Security

74
Q

The _____ ___ also set up a process called ______ ______ - was a process in which a neutral party hears arguments from two opposing sides and makes a decision that both must accept.

A

Wagner Act, binding arbitration

75
Q

In 1935, John L. _____, leader of the U_____ M___ W______, helped form the C______ for I______ O_______ ( CIO ).

A

Lewis, United Mine Workers, Committee for Industrial Organization

76
Q

These new unions would employ __-___ ____ : was a method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment.

A

Sit-down strikes

77
Q

In 1938, the ___ changed its name to the C______ of I_________ O_______ and became a federation of industrial unions.

A

CIO, Congress of Industrial Organizations

78
Q

African Americans, who reliably voted ________ since _______, switched their allegiance to the _______ Party.

A

Republican, Reconstruction, Democratic

79
Q

The _______ nominated ____ governor, Alfred L_____ as their presidential challenger.

A

Republicans, Kansas, Landon

80
Q

In January 1936, The Supreme Court declared the ___ unconstitutional.

A

AAA

81
Q

After his reelection, Landon tried to change the Supreme Court’s ______ ______.

A

Political balance

82
Q

The ____-_____ ___, as it was called, was a major political mistake.

A

Court- packing plan

83
Q

Many ______ _____ feared new justices would overturn ______.

A

Southern Democrats, segregation

84
Q

FDR, concerned about rising debts, he ordered the ___ and the ___ to have their fund cut significantly.

A

WPA, PWA

85
Q

The leaders of the ___ and ___ citied a new economic theory called _______ _______ - held that government should spend heavily in a recession to jump start the economy.

A

WPA, PWA, Keynesianism economics

86
Q

Critics believed the ______ proved the public was becoming too dependant on government spending.

A

Recession

87
Q

One of the president’s goals for his second term was to provide better ______ for the nation’s poor.

A

Housing

88
Q

Roosevelt passed the N_______ H_______ A___, which established the U_______ S______ H______ A______.

A

National Housing Act, United State Housing Authority

89
Q

The ______ _____ _____ _____ received $___ _____ to subsidize loans to builders willing to construct low-cost housing.

A

United States Housing Authority, 500 million

90
Q

To help poor White and African American tenant farmers, Congress created the ____ ______ ________ to give loans to tenants so they could purchase farms.

A

Farm Security Administration

91
Q

The ____ _____ ______ ___ abolished child labor, limited the workweek to 44 hours for most workers, and set the first minimum- wage at 25 cent an hour.

A

Fair Labor Standards Act

92
Q

The New Deal established what some call the _____ ____ - is where the role of government is to work out conflicts among competing interest groups.

A

Broker state

93
Q

Roosevelt’s programs had succeeded in creating a _____ ___– ______ and _____ programs that protected people against economic disaster.

A

Safety net, safeguards, relief

94
Q

Critics have argued that the New Deal made the government ___ ______.

A

Too powerful