The Great Depression : 1/7/15

Question 1

_______ _______ became president in a landslide win over ______ __ _____ in 1928.

Answer 1

Herbert Hoover, Alfred E. Smith

Question 2

_______ was _______ of ______ and head of the _____ _________.

Answer 2

Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, Food Administration

Question 3

_______ was a _________.

Answer 3

Hoover, Republican

Question 4

The _____ _______ is a system for buying and selling stock in corporations.

Answer 4

Stock market

Question 5

A long period of rising stocks is known as a ____ _______.

Answer 5

Bull market

Question 6

A market condition in which prices of securities are falling, thus causing pessimism in the market is known as a _____ _______.

Answer 6

Bear market

Question 7

By 1929, ____ of American households own _____.

Answer 7

10%, stock

Question 8

________ is the act of buying stocks at great risk with the anticipation that the prices will rise.

Answer 8

Speculation

Question 9

______ is buying stock by paying only a fraction of the stock price and borrowing the rest.

Answer 9

Margin

Question 10

A ______ ___ is a demand by a broker that investors pay back loans made for stocks purchased on margin.

Answer 10

Margin call

Question 11

In _______ ____, the market peaked.

Answer 11

September 1929

Question 12

On October 24, a day that became known as _____ ______, the market plummeted further than three days earlier.

Answer 12

Black Thursday

Question 13

The following week, October 29, a day that was later dubbed ______ ________, prices took the steepest dive.

Answer 13

Black Tuesday

Question 14

The _________ ____ is a measure of the value of leading industrial companies.

Answer 14

Industrial index

Question 15

____ ______ was lost, which was equal to the total wages Americans earned in 1929.

Answer 15

$30 billion

Question 16

The _____ _____ weakened the nation’s ____ in two ways : 1. By 1929, _____ had lent _____ to ____ ______. 2. Many ____ had invested _______ money in the ____ ______.

Answer 16

Market crash, banks, banks, billions, stock speculators, banks, depositor’s, stock market

Question 17

News of the ____ _______ led to ____ ____.

Answer 17

Bank failures, bank runs

Question 18

A _____ ____ is caused by persistent and heavy demands by bank’s depositors, creditors, or customers to withdraw money.

Answer 18

Bank run

Question 19

About ___ in ____ banks in the US had gone out of business.

Answer 19

One in four

Question 20

What are the three causes of the Great Depression? 1. ______ ______ of ____ 2. ____ of _____ ____ 3. ________ by the _______ ______

Answer 20

1. Uneven distribution of income 2. Loss of export sales 3. Mistakes made by the Federal Reserve

Question 21

________ was a factor leading to the onset of the Great Depression.

Answer 21

Overproduction

Question 22

_________ ________ was nonexistent.

Answer 22

Unemployment insurance

Question 23

The _____-_____ ______ raised the average tariff rate to the highest level in American history.

Answer 23

Hawley- Smoot Tariff

Question 24

A ______ in _____ hurt both American companies and farmers.

Answer 24

Decrease in exports

Question 25

Access to ____ _____ propelled the stock market.

Answer 25

Easy money

Question 26

_______ _______ ______ kept its rates low throughout the 1920s.

Answer 26

Federal Reserve Board

Question 27

The ______ failure to raise _____ _____ significantly helped cause the Depression in two ways. : 1. By keeping rates ___, the _______ encouraged member banks to make ______ _____. 2. The ____ _____ ____ led business leaders to think that the economy was still ________.

Answer 27

Board’s, interest rates, low, Board, risky loans, low interest rates, expanding

Question 28

A _______ is a sustained, long term downturn in economic activity in one or more economics.

Answer 28

Depression

Question 29

An ________ _______ is a slowdown in economic activity over the course of a normal business cycle.

Answer 29

Economic recession

Question 30

People who were evicted built shantytowns, which they called __________ after the president they blamed for their plight.

Answer 30

Hoovervilles

Question 31

In search of work or a better life, people began ______, ________, or “ ______ ___ ____” across the country.

Answer 31

Walking, hitchhiking, “riding the rails”

Question 32

These people were called ______, and would sneak past railroad police to slip into boxcars on freight trains.

Answer 32

Hoboes

Question 33

The federal government launched _________ _____ to send poor immigrants back to their home countries.

Answer 33

Repatriation drives

Question 34

When ____ _____ dropped in the 1920s, farmers tried to make up the difference by planting more _____.

Answer 34

Crop prices, wheat

Question 35

A vast “ _____ ____” stretched from the _______ to _____.

Answer 35

Dust Bowl, Dakotas, Texas

Question 36

The dust storms would be called _____ ______ or _____ ______.

Answer 36

Black blizzards, black rollers

Question 37

The ____ ____ ______ was the largest migration in American history.

Answer 37

Dust Bowl exodus

Question 38

_____ ______ wrote ___ ____ ___ ___ and __ _____ __ _____ based on the Dust Bowl.

Answer 38

John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath

Question 39

______ _______ would write folk music based on his experiences.

Answer 39

Woody Guthrie

Question 40

An average of ___ dust storms a year hit the plains during the decade.

Answer 40

50

Question 41

If their land was __________, they had to turn the property over to the banks.

Answer 41

Mortgaged

Question 42

Because many migrants were from ________, they became known as “_____.”

Answer 42

Oklahoma, Okies

Question 43

_____ ______ produced the first feature length animated film, ____ ____ ___ ___ _____ ____, in 1937.

Answer 43

Walt Disney, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

Question 44

In 1939, ____ produced the _____ __ __, the first movie in color.

Answer 44

MGM, Wizard of Oz

Question 45

In the same year, ____ ___ __ ____ was created. (1939)

Answer 45

Gone with the Wind

Question 46

Would hear stories of superheroes like the _____ ______.

Answer 46

Green Hornet

Question 47

The ______ ____ presented the personal struggles of middle class families.

Answer 47

Guiding Light

Question 48

The sponsors were often makers of laundry soaps, so the shows were nicknamed _____ _____.

Answer 48

Soap operas

Question 49

In 1936, _____ magazine publisher _____ ___ introduced ____.

Answer 49

TIME, Henry Luce, Life

Question 50

_____ was a weekly photojournalism magazine.

Answer 50

Life

Question 51

_______ _____ captured the photo of the Great Depression in “ _____ _____”.

Answer 51

Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother

Question 52

Painters such as _______ ___ ____ and _____ _____ were artists from the regionalist school.

Answer 52

Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood

Question 53

_____’s best known painting today is ______ _____.

Answer 53

Wood, American Gothic

Question 54

______ has believed that American “ ______ _________” would keep the economy moving and that government should not step in to help individuals.

Answer 54

Hoover, rugged individualism

Question 55

______ ______ pledged to keep factories open and stop _______ _____, but broke those pledges.

Answer 55

Industry leaders, slashing wages

Question 56

_______ increased funding for _____ _____ or government financed ______ _____.

Answer 56

Hoover, public wages, building projects

Question 57

The president would turn to the _____ _____ ____ to put our more money into circulation, but they refused.

Answer 57

Federal Reserve Board

Question 58

To ease the money shortage, Hoover set up the ______ ______ _____. ( ? )

Answer 58

National Credit Corporation

Question 59

The ____ created a pool of money that allowed troubled banks to continue lending money in their communities.

Answer 59

NCC

Question 60

In 1932, Hoover requested Congress to set up the __________ ______ ______ ( ? ) to make loans to businesses.

Answer 60

Reconstruction Finance Corporation ( RFC )

Question 61

By early 1932, the ____ had lent about $____ million to b___, r_______, and b____- and - l____ - a________.

Answer 61

RFC, 238, banks, railroads, bank and loan associations

Question 62

______ however, STRONGLY opposed the federal government’s participation in _____ ____ given directly to families.

Answer 62

Hoover, relief money

Question 63

Congress would pass the ________ _____ __ ______ ___ in July 1032.

Answer 63

Emergency Relief and Construction Act

Question 64

The new act called for $___ billion for ______ ____ and $___ million in ________ ____ to states for direct relief.

Answer 64

1.5, public works, 300, emergency loans

Question 65

For the first time in American history, the federal government was supplying ______ _____ ____.

Answer 65

Direct relief funds

Question 66

Crowds began showing up at rallies and “_____ ____” organized by the _______ ______ _____.

Answer 66

Hunger marches, American Communist Party

Question 67

In 1929, Texas congressman ______ _____ introduced a bill that would authorize early payment of these bonuses.

Answer 67

Wright Patman

Question 68

May 1932, several hundred ______ veterans vegan marching to _______ __ to lobby for the pass of the legislation.

Answer 68

Oregon, Washington D.C.

Question 69

The press termed the marchers as the “ ______ ___. “

Answer 69

Bonus Army

Question 70

After no avail, the secretary of war asked for permission to send in the military under the command of _______ ______.

Answer 70

Douglas MacArthur

Question 71

______, would ignore orders by the president to leave the camps alone.

Answer 71

MacArthur

Question 72

The soldiers _____ ______ stragglers and burnt down shacks in the ________.

Answer 72

Tear gassed, Hoovervilles

Question 73

The ____ was the first federal agency created to stimulate the economy during _________.

Answer 73

RFC, peacetime