The Great Depression : 1/7/15 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ _______ became president in a landslide win over ______ __ _____ in 1928.

A

Herbert Hoover, Alfred E. Smith

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2
Q

_______ was _______ of ______ and head of the _____ _________.

A

Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, Food Administration

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3
Q

_______ was a _________.

A

Hoover, Republican

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4
Q

The _____ _______ is a system for buying and selling stock in corporations.

A

Stock market

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5
Q

A long period of rising stocks is known as a ____ _______.

A

Bull market

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6
Q

A market condition in which prices of securities are falling, thus causing pessimism in the market is known as a _____ _______.

A

Bear market

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7
Q

By 1929, ____ of American households own _____.

A

10%, stock

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8
Q

________ is the act of buying stocks at great risk with the anticipation that the prices will rise.

A

Speculation

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9
Q

______ is buying stock by paying only a fraction of the stock price and borrowing the rest.

A

Margin

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10
Q

A ______ ___ is a demand by a broker that investors pay back loans made for stocks purchased on margin.

A

Margin call

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11
Q

In _______ ____, the market peaked.

A

September 1929

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12
Q

On October 24, a day that became known as _____ ______, the market plummeted further than three days earlier.

A

Black Thursday

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13
Q

The following week, October 29, a day that was later dubbed ______ ________, prices took the steepest dive.

A

Black Tuesday

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14
Q

The _________ ____ is a measure of the value of leading industrial companies.

A

Industrial index

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15
Q

____ ______ was lost, which was equal to the total wages Americans earned in 1929.

A

$30 billion

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16
Q

The _____ _____ weakened the nation’s ____ in two ways : 1. By 1929, _____ had lent _____ to ____ ______. 2. Many ____ had invested _______ money in the ____ ______.

A

Market crash, banks, banks, billions, stock speculators, banks, depositor’s, stock market

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17
Q

News of the ____ _______ led to ____ ____.

A

Bank failures, bank runs

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18
Q

A _____ ____ is caused by persistent and heavy demands by bank’s depositors, creditors, or customers to withdraw money.

A

Bank run

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19
Q

About ___ in ____ banks in the US had gone out of business.

A

One in four

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20
Q

What are the three causes of the Great Depression? 1. ______ ______ of ____ 2. ____ of _____ ____ 3. ________ by the _______ ______

A
  1. Uneven distribution of income 2. Loss of export sales 3. Mistakes made by the Federal Reserve
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21
Q

________ was a factor leading to the onset of the Great Depression.

A

Overproduction

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22
Q

_________ ________ was nonexistent.

A

Unemployment insurance

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23
Q

The _____-_____ ______ raised the average tariff rate to the highest level in American history.

A

Hawley- Smoot Tariff

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24
Q

A ______ in _____ hurt both American companies and farmers.

A

Decrease in exports

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25
Q

Access to ____ _____ propelled the stock market.

A

Easy money

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26
Q

_______ _______ ______ kept its rates low throughout the 1920s.

A

Federal Reserve Board

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27
Q

The ______ failure to raise _____ _____ significantly helped cause the Depression in two ways. : 1. By keeping rates ___, the _______ encouraged member banks to make ______ _____. 2. The ____ _____ ____ led business leaders to think that the economy was still ________.

A

Board’s, interest rates, low, Board, risky loans, low interest rates, expanding

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28
Q

A _______ is a sustained, long term downturn in economic activity in one or more economics.

A

Depression

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29
Q

An ________ _______ is a slowdown in economic activity over the course of a normal business cycle.

A

Economic recession

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30
Q

People who were evicted built shantytowns, which they called __________ after the president they blamed for their plight.

A

Hoovervilles

31
Q

In search of work or a better life, people began ______, ________, or “ ______ ___ ____” across the country.

A

Walking, hitchhiking, “riding the rails”

32
Q

These people were called ______, and would sneak past railroad police to slip into boxcars on freight trains.

A

Hoboes

33
Q

The federal government launched _________ _____ to send poor immigrants back to their home countries.

A

Repatriation drives

34
Q

When ____ _____ dropped in the 1920s, farmers tried to make up the difference by planting more _____.

A

Crop prices, wheat

35
Q

A vast “ _____ ____” stretched from the _______ to _____.

A

Dust Bowl, Dakotas, Texas

36
Q

The dust storms would be called _____ ______ or _____ ______.

A

Black blizzards, black rollers

37
Q

The ____ ____ ______ was the largest migration in American history.

A

Dust Bowl exodus

38
Q

_____ ______ wrote ___ ____ ___ ___ and __ _____ __ _____ based on the Dust Bowl.

A

John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath

39
Q

______ _______ would write folk music based on his experiences.

A

Woody Guthrie

40
Q

An average of ___ dust storms a year hit the plains during the decade.

A

50

41
Q

If their land was __________, they had to turn the property over to the banks.

A

Mortgaged

42
Q

Because many migrants were from ________, they became known as “_____.”

A

Oklahoma, Okies

43
Q

_____ ______ produced the first feature length animated film, ____ ____ ___ ___ _____ ____, in 1937.

A

Walt Disney, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

44
Q

In 1939, ____ produced the _____ __ __, the first movie in color.

A

MGM, Wizard of Oz

45
Q

In the same year, ____ ___ __ ____ was created. (1939)

A

Gone with the Wind

46
Q

Would hear stories of superheroes like the _____ ______.

A

Green Hornet

47
Q

The ______ ____ presented the personal struggles of middle class families.

A

Guiding Light

48
Q

The sponsors were often makers of laundry soaps, so the shows were nicknamed _____ _____.

A

Soap operas

49
Q

In 1936, _____ magazine publisher _____ ___ introduced ____.

A

TIME, Henry Luce, Life

50
Q

_____ was a weekly photojournalism magazine.

A

Life

51
Q

_______ _____ captured the photo of the Great Depression in “ _____ _____”.

A

Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother

52
Q

Painters such as _______ ___ ____ and _____ _____ were artists from the regionalist school.

A

Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood

53
Q

_____’s best known painting today is ______ _____.

A

Wood, American Gothic

54
Q

______ has believed that American “ ______ _________” would keep the economy moving and that government should not step in to help individuals.

A

Hoover, rugged individualism

55
Q

______ ______ pledged to keep factories open and stop _______ _____, but broke those pledges.

A

Industry leaders, slashing wages

56
Q

_______ increased funding for _____ _____ or government financed ______ _____.

A

Hoover, public wages, building projects

57
Q

The president would turn to the _____ _____ ____ to put our more money into circulation, but they refused.

A

Federal Reserve Board

58
Q

To ease the money shortage, Hoover set up the ______ ______ _____. ( ? )

A

National Credit Corporation

59
Q

The ____ created a pool of money that allowed troubled banks to continue lending money in their communities.

A

NCC

60
Q

In 1932, Hoover requested Congress to set up the __________ ______ ______ ( ? ) to make loans to businesses.

A

Reconstruction Finance Corporation ( RFC )

61
Q

By early 1932, the ____ had lent about $____ million to b___, r_______, and b____- and - l____ - a________.

A

RFC, 238, banks, railroads, bank and loan associations

62
Q

______ however, STRONGLY opposed the federal government’s participation in _____ ____ given directly to families.

A

Hoover, relief money

63
Q

Congress would pass the ________ _____ __ ______ ___ in July 1032.

A

Emergency Relief and Construction Act

64
Q

The new act called for $___ billion for ______ ____ and $___ million in ________ ____ to states for direct relief.

A

1.5, public works, 300, emergency loans

65
Q

For the first time in American history, the federal government was supplying ______ _____ ____.

A

Direct relief funds

66
Q

Crowds began showing up at rallies and “_____ ____” organized by the _______ ______ _____.

A

Hunger marches, American Communist Party

67
Q

In 1929, Texas congressman ______ _____ introduced a bill that would authorize early payment of these bonuses.

A

Wright Patman

68
Q

May 1932, several hundred ______ veterans vegan marching to _______ __ to lobby for the pass of the legislation.

A

Oregon, Washington D.C.

69
Q

The press termed the marchers as the “ ______ ___. “

A

Bonus Army

70
Q

After no avail, the secretary of war asked for permission to send in the military under the command of _______ ______.

A

Douglas MacArthur

71
Q

______, would ignore orders by the president to leave the camps alone.

A

MacArthur

72
Q

The soldiers _____ ______ stragglers and burnt down shacks in the ________.

A

Tear gassed, Hoovervilles

73
Q

The ____ was the first federal agency created to stimulate the economy during _________.

A

RFC, peacetime