The Widening of the Cold War, 1949-1955: Alliances and Shifts : New Look in Action Flashcards
Who was president of Guatemala
Jacob Arbenz
When was Jacob Arbenz elected president of Guatemala
1951
What did Arbenz do to get the US involved
Implemented land reforms, seizing 40% of United Fruit Company (UFCO)’s land
UFCO lobbied to get US involved
Nicaraguan president Somoza solicited US to overthrow Arbenz
What was initial US intervention like in Guatemala
Truman sent weapons and money to anti-Arcenz troops but operation was uncovered within weeks
What intervention in Guatemala did Eisenhower launch?
operation PBSUCCESS
intended to depose Arbenz- to send message that US wouldn’t tolerate communism in Western hemisphere
was clandestine
what did PBSUCCESS entail
set up training camps for Arbenz’s opposition, and a massive propaganda campaign
When was the PBSUCCESS invasion
June 1954
Who replaced Arbenz
Carlos Castillo Armas, US chosen leader
What scale of intervention is in Guatemala
High level of intervention, showed rollback
When was the Iranian Coup
1953
Who overthrew the Shah
Mohammed Mossadegh- the shah was forced to make him PM
What did Mossadegh do in power
Nationalised the oil industry, so Iran would have more control over their resources, and less for Britain who had a quasi-monoploy of it through unfair contracts with the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
Why did the US intervene and reinstate the Shah
Feared communist takeover
Britain instigated an Iranian oil embargo- US want this to stop too
When were the Taiwan Strait crises
1954-5
1958
When was the Seventh fleet deployed and when was it removed?
After Korean war started 1950, Truman deployed the Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent Mao from launching a military attack on the nationalists
After end of Korean War, Eisenhower removed the blockade, so Kai-shek intensified efforts to regain China
When did China start bombing the nationalists
Aug 1954, Nationalist troops moved to stronghold islands Quemoy and Matsu
Mao ordered bombing of the islands in Sept 1954
What was the Formosa Resolution
US pledge to defend Taiwan in the case of communist invasion
When did the US enact the Formosa Resolution and what followed
Jan 1955
Negotiations followed where China agreed to stop the bombing
Bombing ended May 1955
First Taiwan Crisis over
What caused Mao to start bombing again
During his ‘Great Leap Forward’ he thought success in Taiwan would unite the people
When did Mao resume bombing
Aug 1958
How did Eisenhower respond to the resumed bombing
Sent a large naval contingent to the Taiwan Straits
So China ceased bombing and sought a peaceful settlement with nationalists in Oct 1958
Why did US intervene in Lebanon
Lebanese president Chamoun calls upon US after the toppling of pro-West Iraqi government
How did US intervention in Lebanon start
Forceful with Operation Blue Bat, authorised by Eisenhower
Secures Beirut airport and port
14,000 men, over 8,000 US army personnel
When was Operation Blue Bat authorised
July 1958
When do US withdraw from Lebanon
Oct 1958
How do US act in Lebanon after withdrawal
Eisenhower sent diplomat to reach peaceful compromise
Electing moderate christian general Fuad Chehab as president while allowing Chamoun to continue in power until his reign ends later that year
