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Anatomy T2 > The Vertebral Column > Flashcards

The Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

A series of bones which are held together to give support to the spinal cord and arising nerves

A

vertebral column

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2
Q

how many total vertebrae

A

33

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3
Q

how many movable vertebrae

A

24

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4
Q

how many cervical vertibrae

A

7

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5
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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6
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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7
Q

how many vertebrae are fused in the sacrum

A

5

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8
Q

how many vertebrae are fused in the coccyx

A

4

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9
Q

how are vertebrae numbered

A

top to bottom

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10
Q

what are intervertebral disks

A

fibrocartilagenous discs between the vertebrae

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11
Q

what is the function of intervertebral disks

A

weight bearing

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12
Q

how are IVDs named

A

named for the 2 vertebrae it sits between

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13
Q

where on the vertebral column is there no IVD

A

between C1 and C2

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14
Q

what is the annulus fibrosis

A

a fibrous outer layer to IVDs

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15
Q

what is the nucleus pulposus

A

the inner substance of IVDs

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16
Q

what is the innervation of IVDs

A

aneural except the peripheral third

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17
Q

what is the blood supply of IVDs

A

avascular

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18
Q

spinal curve that curves anteriorly

A

lordosis

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19
Q

spinal curve that curves posteriorly

A

kyphosis

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20
Q

which spinal curves are lordotic

A

cervical and lumbar

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21
Q

which spinal curves are kyphotic

A

thoracic and sacral

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22
Q

large, heavy, anterior part of the vertebra

A

body

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23
Q

what happens to vertebral bodies as they progress inferiorly

A

they get larger

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24
Q

part of the vertable that encloses the vertebral foramen

A

vertebral arch

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25
Q

what are pedicles

A

2 posterior projections on the vertebrae that form the anterior aspect of the vertebral arch

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26
Q

what are laminae

A

2 structures of the vertebrae that meet the pedicles

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27
Q

what are spinous processes

A

a posterior projection of the vertebrae formed from the connection of the laminae

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28
Q

what are articular processes

A

four processes that arise from the vertebral arch

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29
Q

how are the articular processes arranged

A

superior and inferior on the right and left

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30
Q

what vertebrae constitute the upper cervical spine

A

c1 and c2

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31
Q

what vertebrae constitute the lower cervical spine

A

c3 to c7

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32
Q

which vertebrae are atypical

A

c1 and c2

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33
Q

aka for c1

A

atlas

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34
Q

what vertebra is designed to support the occipital region of the skull

A

c1

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35
Q

the transverse foramen of c1 allows passage of what structure

A

vertebral artery

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36
Q

ligament that connects the 2 lateral masses of c1 and divides the vertebral foramen for passage of the spinal cord

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

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37
Q

what vertebra has no spinous process

A

c1

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38
Q

aka for c2

A

axis

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39
Q

aka for the dens of the axis

A

odontoid process

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40
Q

which spinous processes are bifid

A

c2-c6

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41
Q

two structures of the spine that consist of fused vertebrae

A

sacrum and coccyx

42
Q

which spinal curves are termed primary, due to their development during the fetal stage?

A

thoracic and sacral (kyphotic)

43
Q

which spinal curves are termed secondary, due to their development as we start walking and lifting our heads?

A

cervical and lumbar (lordotic)

44
Q

what is the innervation of intervertebral discs?

A

aneural, except for the outer (peripheral) third

45
Q

what is the blood supply of intervertebral discs?

A

avascular

46
Q

what are articular facets

A

facets of vertebrae that articulate with the superior of the next lower vertebra

47
Q

the spinal cord passes through what structure

A

the vertebral foramen

48
Q

the pedicles and laminae form what structure

A

vertebral arch

49
Q

what are the articular joints

A

joints between superior and inferior articular facets

50
Q

aka for articular joints

A

zygapophysial joints

51
Q

what is the pars interarticularis

A

the area between the superior and inferior articular processes

52
Q

what is the transverse process

A

vertebral structure that arises from the vertebral arch. project laterally

53
Q

what is the intervertebral foramen

A

an almost complete ring created by superior/inferior vertebra notches of 2 adjacent vertebrae

54
Q

the most common site for fractures in the spinal column

A

pars interarticularis (laminae)

55
Q

the intervertebral foramen allows passage of what structure?

A

spinal nerves/nerve roots

56
Q

what are uncinate processes

A

upward bony projections on the peosterolateral rims of the cervical vertebral bodies

57
Q

what projections on the vertebrae articulate with the next superior vertebra

A

uncinate processes

58
Q

what is the name of joints made with uncinate processes

A

uncovertebral joints/joints of lushka

59
Q

purpose of uncovertebral joints

A

provide stability in the cervical spine

60
Q

the spinal nerve sits in a groove on what vertebra

A

c4

61
Q

what is the purpose of joints of lushka

A

provide stability in the cervical spine

62
Q

what is the carotid tuberclue

A

name for the anterior tubercle on c6

63
Q

what is the largest vertebra in the spine

A

l5

64
Q

what is the lumbosacral articular surface

A

the articulation between l5 and the sacrum

65
Q

what are ala/alae

A

the “wings” of the sacrum

66
Q

the fused remnants of the TVPs of the sacrum create what structure

A

lateral sacral crest

67
Q

joint, articulates L5 with S1

A

lumbosacral joint

68
Q

what does the iliolumbar ligament connect

A

TVPs of L4 and L5 to posterior iliac crest

69
Q

ligament that’s a key stabilizer of L5, and limits lateral joint flexion

A

iliolumbar ligament

70
Q

joint. apex of the sacrum articulates with the base of the coccyx

A

sacrococcygeal joint

71
Q

joints. auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with the auricular surface of the ilium

A

sacroiliac joints

72
Q

SacroIliac joints are what kind of joint?

A

synovial

73
Q

what kind of movements are available to the SI joints?

A

limited gliding and rotation

74
Q

ligaments that attach the ilium to the sacrum

A

anterior/posterior sacroiliac ligaments

75
Q

ligaments that lie just anterior to the posterior sacroiliac ligaments

A

interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

76
Q

what are the accessory ligaments to the SI joints

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments ligaments

77
Q

what vertebrae have only one facet surface on each side

A

T10-T12

78
Q

what are the characteristics of cervical vertebrae

A

uncinate processes, bifid SPs, transverse foramen, and oblique facet orientation

79
Q

what are the characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

A

2 costal demi-facets on the body, costal facets on the TVPs, SPs pointing down, and frontal/coronal facet orientation

80
Q

what are the characteristic of lumbar vertebrae

A

large bodies, large SPs projecting horizontally, and saggital facet orientation

81
Q

vertebrae connected to rotation

A

cervical

82
Q

vertebrae connected to lateral flexion

A

thoracic

83
Q

vertebrae connected to flexion/extension

A

lumbar

84
Q

what are intervertebral joints

A

joints in the spine designed for strength and weight-bearing

85
Q

what kind of joints are intervertebral joints

A

cartilaginous

86
Q

adjacent vertebrae of intervertebral joints are connected by what?

A

intervertebral disks

87
Q

what joints in the spine have no intervertebral disks?

A

craniovertebral joints

88
Q

what is the atlanto-occipital joint

A

joint of the spine. superior articular facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occiputal condyles of the skull

89
Q

what kind of joint is the atlanio-occipital joint

A

synovial condyloid

90
Q

available movements of the atlanto-occipital joint

A

flexion/extension of the head on the neck

91
Q

what kind of joint is the atlanto-axial joint

A

synovial pivot

92
Q

what rotates the atlanto-axial joint

A

c1

93
Q

available movements of the atlanto-axial joint

A

rotation

94
Q

what is the function of the transverse ligament of the atlas

A

holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1

95
Q

ligament. bands travel from transverse ligament superiorly to the occipital bone and inferiorly to the body of C2

A

cruciate/cruciform ligament

96
Q

ligaments that travel from the dens to the lateral margins of foramen magnum

A

alar ligaments

97
Q

what is the foramen magnum

A

hole at the base of the skull

98
Q

what is the apical ligament

A

ligament that runs from the dens to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum

99
Q

what is the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

travels/is anchored to the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks from the sacrum to C2

100
Q

functions of posterior longitudinal ligament

A

checks hyperflexion of the spine and prevents posterior protrusion of the intervertebral disk

101
Q

most superior part of the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

tectorial membrane

102
Q

where does the tectorial membrane attach?

A

the occiput

Anatomy T2 (15 decks)

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