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Anatomy T2 > Aug 16 > Flashcards

Aug 16 Flashcards

1
Q

a series of bones called “vertebrae” which are held together to give support for the spinal cord and nerves arising from it

A

vertebral column

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2
Q

How many total vertebrae? how many moveable?

A
  1. 24
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3
Q

number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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4
Q

number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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5
Q

number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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6
Q

number of vertebrae fused in the sacrum

A

5

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7
Q

number of vertebrae fused in coccyx

A

4

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8
Q

fibrocartilagenous discs between the vertebrae

A

intervertebral disks

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9
Q

two structures of the spine that consist of fused vertebrae

A

sacrum and coccyx

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10
Q

what is the key function of intervertebral discs

A

weight bearing

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11
Q

how are intervertebral discs named

A

the 2 vertebrae it sits between

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12
Q

what 2 vertebrae have no intervertebral disc?

A

c1 and c2

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13
Q

fibrous outer layer of intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosis

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14
Q

inner substance of intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus

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15
Q

term for cervical curve of the spine, meaning “curve forward”

A

lordotic/lordosis

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16
Q

term for thoracic curve of the spine, meaning “curve backward”

A

kyphotic/kyphosis

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17
Q

term for lumbar curve of the spine, meaning “curve forward”

A

lorditic/lordosis

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18
Q

term for sacral curve of the spine, meaning “curve backward”

A

kyphotic/kyphosis

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19
Q

which spinal curves are termed primary, due to their development during the fetal stage?

A

thoracic and sacral (kyphotic)

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20
Q

which spinal curves are termed secondary, due to their development as we start walking and lifting our heads?

A

cervical and lumbar (lordotic)

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21
Q

what is the innervation of intervertebral discs?

A

aneural, except for the outer (peripheral) third

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22
Q

what is the blood supply of intervertebral discs?

A

avascular

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23
Q

large, heavy, anterior part of the vertebra. get larger as you progress inferiorly

A

body

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24
Q

part of vertebra that encloses the vertebral foramen

A

vertebral arch

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25
Q

the vertebral arch is formed anteriorly by 2 of these, which project posteriorly from both sides of the superior part of the vertebral body

A

pedicles

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26
Q

as pedicles project posteriorly from the vertebral body they meet 2 of these structures

A

laminae

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27
Q

the laminae meet posteriorly to form this vertebral structure, projects posteriorly

A

spinous process

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28
Q

4 of these vertebral structures arise from the arch. there are superior and inferior structures on the right and left

A

articular processes

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29
Q

each vertebral process have these. the inferior of which articulate with the superior of the next lower vertebra

A

articular facet

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30
Q

the vertebral foramen allows the passage of what structure?

A

spinal cord

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31
Q

vertebral arch is formed by what two structures?

A

pedicles and laminae

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32
Q

name of the joints between superior and inferior articular facets

A

articular joints/zygapophysial joints

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33
Q

the area between the superior and inferior articular processes

A

pars interarticularis

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34
Q

vertebral structure that arises from the vertebral arch. project laterally

A

transverse process

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35
Q

notches on the pedicles (superior and inferior vertebral notches) of 2 adjacent vertebrae form an almost complete ring called what?

A

intervertebral foramen

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36
Q

the most common site for fractures in the spinal column

A

pars interarticularis

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37
Q

the intervertebral foramen allows passage of what structure?

A

spinal nerves/nerve roots

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38
Q

vertebrae in the upper cervical spine

A

C1 and C2

39
Q

vertebrae in the lower cervical spine

A

C3-C7

40
Q

atypical vertebra. designed to support the occipital region of the skull

A

C1

41
Q

AKA for C1

A

atlas

42
Q

vertebra that has an anterior and posterior arch

A

C1

43
Q

notch for the dens of C2 on C1

A

articular facet of for the dens

44
Q

2 structures of C1 that allows for “nodding” motion, longer anterior/posterior than medial/lateral

A

lateral masses

45
Q

the transverse processes of C1 are projections from what structures?

A

lateral masses

46
Q

the transverse foramen of C1 allows for the passage of what structure?

A

vertebral artery

47
Q

the vertebral artery passes through what vertebrae

A

C6-C1

48
Q

ligament that connects the 2 lateral masses of C1 and divides the vertebral foramen into anterior and posterior portions

A

transverse ligament of the atlas

49
Q

what passes through the posterior portion of the vertebral foramen of C1?

A

spinal cord

50
Q

what passes through the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of C1?

A

dens of C2

51
Q

there is a thin layer of cartilage of which surface of the vertebral foramen?

A

anterior

52
Q

what 2 typical vertebral structures are missing from C1

A

vertebral body, spinous process

53
Q

AKA for C2

A

axis

54
Q

superior projection of C2, articulates with C1

A

dens/odontoid process

55
Q

term meaning “split”

A

bifid

56
Q

which spinous processes are bifid

A

c2-c6

57
Q

name for the spinous process of C7

A

vertebra prominens

58
Q

upward bony projections on the peosterolateral rims of the vertebral body

A

uncinate processes

59
Q

upward projections that articulate with the next higher vertebra

A

uncinate processes

60
Q

aka for joints made with uncinate processes

A

uncovertebral joints/joints of Lushka

61
Q

purpose of uncovertebral joints

A

provide stability in the cervical spine

62
Q

C4 has a groove for what structure

A

spinal nerve

63
Q

uncinate processes are found where

A

C3-C7

64
Q

name for anterior tubercle on C6

A

carotid tubercle

65
Q

largest vertebra in the spine

A

L5

66
Q

structure made of 5 fused vertebrae and intervertebral discs

A

sacrum & coccyx

67
Q

the articulation between L5 and sacrum

A

lumbosacral articular surface

68
Q

the “wings” of the sacrum

A

ala/alae

69
Q

the fused remnants of the TVPs of the sacrum create what structure

A

lateral sacral crest

70
Q

joint, articulates L5 with S1

A

lumbosacral joint

71
Q

ligament, TVPs of L4 and L5 connect to posterior iliac crest

A

iliolumbar ligament

72
Q

ligament that’s a key stabilizer of L5, and limits lateral joint flexion

A

iliolumbar ligament

73
Q

joint. apex of the sacrum articulates with the base of the coccyx

A

sacrococcygeal joint

74
Q

joints. auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with the auricular surface of the ilium

A

sacroiliac joints

75
Q

SI joints are what kind of joint?

A

synovial

76
Q

what kind of movements are available to the SI joints?

A

limited gliding and rotation

77
Q

ligaments that attach the ilium to the sacrum

A

anterior/posterior sacroiliac ligaments

78
Q

ligaments that lie just anterior to the posterior sacroiliac ligaments

A

interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

79
Q

the accessory ligaments to the SI joints

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

80
Q

adjacent pubic bones with disc in between

A

symphysis pubis

81
Q

structure that surrounds and protects the heart, lungs, and some of the abdominal organs

A

thoracic cage

82
Q

how many pairs of ribs

A

12

83
Q

the notch of the maubrium is known as what?

A

jugular/sternal notch

84
Q

articular facets of the sternal notch where the manubrium articulates with the clavicle

A

clavicular notches

85
Q

this joint is a landmark for rib 2

A

manubriosternal joint/sternal angle/angle of louis

86
Q

structures along the side of the body of the sternum for the articulation of costal cartilage

A

costal notches

87
Q

the thin process of the sternum inferior to the body

A

xyphoid process

88
Q

which ribs are the “true” ribs

A

1-7

89
Q

which ribs are the false ribs

A

8-12

90
Q

which ribs have a direct connection with the sternum via their own costal cartilage?

A

the true ribs (1-7)

91
Q

which ribs have an indirect connection with the sternum

A

the false ribs except the floating ribs (8-10)

92
Q

how do the false ribs connect to the sternum

A

via the 7th rib costal cartilage

93
Q

which ribs are not attached anteriorly?

A

11-12

94
Q

what is the name for the ribs that are unattached anteriorly?

A

floating ribs

Anatomy T2 (15 decks)

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