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Anatomy T2 > Aug 16 > Flashcards

Aug 16 Flashcards

1
Q

a series of bones called “vertebrae” which are held together to give support for the spinal cord and nerves arising from it

A

vertebral column

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2
Q

How many total vertebrae? how many moveable?

A
  1. 24
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3
Q

number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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4
Q

number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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5
Q

number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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6
Q

number of vertebrae fused in the sacrum

A

5

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7
Q

number of vertebrae fused in coccyx

A

4

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8
Q

fibrocartilagenous discs between the vertebrae

A

intervertebral disks

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9
Q

two structures of the spine that consist of fused vertebrae

A

sacrum and coccyx

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10
Q

what is the key function of intervertebral discs

A

weight bearing

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11
Q

how are intervertebral discs named

A

the 2 vertebrae it sits between

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12
Q

what 2 vertebrae have no intervertebral disc?

A

c1 and c2

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13
Q

fibrous outer layer of intervertebral disc

A

annulus fibrosis

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14
Q

inner substance of intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus

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15
Q

term for cervical curve of the spine, meaning “curve forward”

A

lordotic/lordosis

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16
Q

term for thoracic curve of the spine, meaning “curve backward”

A

kyphotic/kyphosis

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17
Q

term for lumbar curve of the spine, meaning “curve forward”

A

lorditic/lordosis

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18
Q

term for sacral curve of the spine, meaning “curve backward”

A

kyphotic/kyphosis

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19
Q

which spinal curves are termed primary, due to their development during the fetal stage?

A

thoracic and sacral (kyphotic)

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20
Q

which spinal curves are termed secondary, due to their development as we start walking and lifting our heads?

A

cervical and lumbar (lordotic)

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21
Q

what is the innervation of intervertebral discs?

A

aneural, except for the outer (peripheral) third

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22
Q

what is the blood supply of intervertebral discs?

A

avascular

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23
Q

large, heavy, anterior part of the vertebra. get larger as you progress inferiorly

A

body

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24
Q

part of vertebra that encloses the vertebral foramen

A

vertebral arch

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25
the vertebral arch is formed anteriorly by 2 of these, which project posteriorly from both sides of the superior part of the vertebral body
pedicles
26
as pedicles project posteriorly from the vertebral body they meet 2 of these structures
laminae
27
the laminae meet posteriorly to form this vertebral structure, projects posteriorly
spinous process
28
4 of these vertebral structures arise from the arch. there are superior and inferior structures on the right and left
articular processes
29
each vertebral process have these. the inferior of which articulate with the superior of the next lower vertebra
articular facet
30
the vertebral foramen allows the passage of what structure?
spinal cord
31
vertebral arch is formed by what two structures?
pedicles and laminae
32
name of the joints between superior and inferior articular facets
articular joints/zygapophysial joints
33
the area between the superior and inferior articular processes
pars interarticularis
34
vertebral structure that arises from the vertebral arch. project laterally
transverse process
35
notches on the pedicles (superior and inferior vertebral notches) of 2 adjacent vertebrae form an almost complete ring called what?
intervertebral foramen
36
the most common site for fractures in the spinal column
pars interarticularis
37
the intervertebral foramen allows passage of what structure?
spinal nerves/nerve roots
38
vertebrae in the upper cervical spine
C1 and C2
39
vertebrae in the lower cervical spine
C3-C7
40
atypical vertebra. designed to support the occipital region of the skull
C1
41
AKA for C1
atlas
42
vertebra that has an anterior and posterior arch
C1
43
notch for the dens of C2 on C1
articular facet of for the dens
44
2 structures of C1 that allows for "nodding" motion, longer anterior/posterior than medial/lateral
lateral masses
45
the transverse processes of C1 are projections from what structures?
lateral masses
46
the transverse foramen of C1 allows for the passage of what structure?
vertebral artery
47
the vertebral artery passes through what vertebrae
C6-C1
48
ligament that connects the 2 lateral masses of C1 and divides the vertebral foramen into anterior and posterior portions
transverse ligament of the atlas
49
what passes through the posterior portion of the vertebral foramen of C1?
spinal cord
50
what passes through the anterior portion of the vertebral foramen of C1?
dens of C2
51
there is a thin layer of cartilage of which surface of the vertebral foramen?
anterior
52
what 2 typical vertebral structures are missing from C1
vertebral body, spinous process
53
AKA for C2
axis
54
superior projection of C2, articulates with C1
dens/odontoid process
55
term meaning "split"
bifid
56
which spinous processes are bifid
c2-c6
57
name for the spinous process of C7
vertebra prominens
58
upward bony projections on the peosterolateral rims of the vertebral body
uncinate processes
59
upward projections that articulate with the next higher vertebra
uncinate processes
60
aka for joints made with uncinate processes
uncovertebral joints/joints of Lushka
61
purpose of uncovertebral joints
provide stability in the cervical spine
62
C4 has a groove for what structure
spinal nerve
63
uncinate processes are found where
C3-C7
64
name for anterior tubercle on C6
carotid tubercle
65
largest vertebra in the spine
L5
66
structure made of 5 fused vertebrae and intervertebral discs
sacrum & coccyx
67
the articulation between L5 and sacrum
lumbosacral articular surface
68
the "wings" of the sacrum
ala/alae
69
the fused remnants of the TVPs of the sacrum create what structure
lateral sacral crest
70
joint, articulates L5 with S1
lumbosacral joint
71
ligament, TVPs of L4 and L5 connect to posterior iliac crest
iliolumbar ligament
72
ligament that's a key stabilizer of L5, and limits lateral joint flexion
iliolumbar ligament
73
joint. apex of the sacrum articulates with the base of the coccyx
sacrococcygeal joint
74
joints. auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with the auricular surface of the ilium
sacroiliac joints
75
SI joints are what kind of joint?
synovial
76
what kind of movements are available to the SI joints?
limited gliding and rotation
77
ligaments that attach the ilium to the sacrum
anterior/posterior sacroiliac ligaments
78
ligaments that lie just anterior to the posterior sacroiliac ligaments
interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
79
the accessory ligaments to the SI joints
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
80
adjacent pubic bones with disc in between
symphysis pubis
81
structure that surrounds and protects the heart, lungs, and some of the abdominal organs
thoracic cage
82
how many pairs of ribs
12
83
the notch of the maubrium is known as what?
jugular/sternal notch
84
articular facets of the sternal notch where the manubrium articulates with the clavicle
clavicular notches
85
this joint is a landmark for rib 2
manubriosternal joint/sternal angle/angle of louis
86
structures along the side of the body of the sternum for the articulation of costal cartilage
costal notches
87
the thin process of the sternum inferior to the body
xyphoid process
88
which ribs are the "true" ribs
1-7
89
which ribs are the false ribs
8-12
90
which ribs have a direct connection with the sternum via their own costal cartilage?
the true ribs (1-7)
91
which ribs have an indirect connection with the sternum
the false ribs except the floating ribs (8-10)
92
how do the false ribs connect to the sternum
via the 7th rib costal cartilage
93
which ribs are not attached anteriorly?
11-12
94
what is the name for the ribs that are unattached anteriorly?
floating ribs

Anatomy T2 (15 decks)

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